§ 603. Grants to States
(a) Grants
(1) Family assistance grant
(A) In general
Each eligible State shall be entitled to re-
ceive from the Secretary, for each of fiscal
years 2017 and 2018, a grant in an amount
equal to the State family assistance grant.
(B) State family assistance grant
The State family assistance grant payable
to a State for a fiscal year shall be the
amount that bears the same ratio to the
amount specified in subparagraph (C) of this
paragraph (as in effect just before February
22, 2012), reduced by the percentage specified
in section 613(h)(1) of this title with respect
to the fiscal year, as the amount required to
be paid to the State under this paragraph (as
so in effect) for fiscal year 2002 (determined
without regard to any reduction pursuant to
Page 2142
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 603
section 609 or 612(a)(1) of this title) bears to
the total amount required to be paid under
this paragraph for fiscal year 2002 (as so de-
termined).
(C) Appropriation
Out of any money in the Treasury of the
United States not otherwise appropriated,
there are appropriated for each of fiscal
years 2017 and 2018 $16,566,542,000 for grants
under this paragraph.
(2) Healthy marriage promotion and respon-
sible fatherhood grants
(A) In general
(i) Use of funds
Subject to subparagraphs (B), (C), and
(E), the Secretary may use the funds made
available under subparagraph (D) for the
purpose of conducting and supporting re-
search and demonstration projects by pub-
lic or private entities, and providing tech-
nical assistance to States, Indian tribes
and tribal organizations, and such other
entities as the Secretary may specify that
are receiving a grant under another provi-
sion of this part.
(ii) Limitations
The Secre
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:uscode2024_91b21b2dcb3f46f597d76437 Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code-2024/title-42/section-603-grants-to-states--3f1fe42d1e.md Pages: Not recorded – Not recorded Passage SHA-256: 137867101691114e270067bd71ecbe271df28a26709fcc1651d1e08188f9ed45 Retained source evidence SHA-256: ad77e05784a5a8ba15f53f42f56c0a8b9893571d1dd2d9966e1e998114e88846
Page 2141
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 603
as made applicable by section 2(b) of div. W of Pub. L.
117–103, which is set out as a note under section 12291 of
Title 34].
NATIONAL GRANT PROGRAM FOR DEVELOPING A MODEL
TRAINING PROGRAM FOR TANF PERSONNEL TRAINING
Pub. L. 117–103, div. W, title VII, § 703(b), Mar. 15, 2022,
136 Stat. 893, provided that:
‘‘(1) GRANTS AUTHORIZED.—
‘‘(A) MODEL TRAINING PROGRAM.—The Secretary of
Health and Human Services (in this subsection re-
ferred to as the ‘Secretary’) shall—
‘‘(i) develop and disseminate a model training
program (and related materials) for the training re-
quired under section 402(a)(8) of the Social Security
Act [42 U.S.C. 602(a)(8)], and if the State so elects,
section 402(a)(7) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 602(a)(7)]; and
‘‘(ii) provide technical assistance with respect to
such model training program to eligible States (as
defined in section 402 of the Social Security Act [42
U.S.C. 602]).
‘‘(B) GRANTS.—In developing the model training
program under subparagraph (A)(i), the Secretary
may award grants and contracts and may develop
such program in cooperation with an eligible partner.
‘‘(2) ELIGIBLE
PARTNER
DEFINED.—For purposes of
paragraph (1), the term ‘eligible partner’ means an en-
tity that is—
‘‘(A) a State or tribal domestic violence coalition
or sexual assault coalition; or
‘‘(B) a State or local victim service provider with
recognized expertise in the dynamics of domestic vio-
lence, sexual assault, or stalking whose primary mis-
sion is to provide services to survivors of domestic vi-
olence, sexual assault, or stalking, including a rape
crisis center or domestic violence program.
‘‘(3) REPORT.—
‘‘(A) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 5 years
after the date of the enactment of this Act [Mar. 15,
2022], the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and
the Committee on Finance of the Senate a report on
the program established under this subsection.
‘‘(B) REPORT AVAILABLE TO PUBLIC.—The Secretary
shall establish procedures for the dissemination to
the public of the report submitted under subpara-
graph (A) not later than 10 days after the submission
of such report to Congress under such subparagraph.
Such procedures shall include the use of the internet
to disseminate such report.
‘‘(4) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—There are
authorized to be appropriated $3,000,000 to carry out
this section for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.’’
[For definitions of terms used in section 703(b) of div.
W of Pub. L. 117–103, set out above, see section 12291 of
Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement, as made
applicable by section 2(b) of div. W of Pub. L. 117–103,
which is set out as a note under section 12291 of Title
34].
DEMONSTRATION OF FAMILY INDEPENDENCE PROGRAM
Pub. L. 100–203, title IX, § 9121, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat.
1330–310, authorized State of Washington, upon applica-
tion of State and approval by Secretary of Health and
Human Services, to conduct demonstration project for
purpose of testing whether operation of its Family
Independence Program enacted in May 1987, as alter-
native to AFDC program under this subchapter, would
more effectively break the cycle of poverty and provide
families with opportunities for economic independence
and strengthened family functioning, prior to repeal by
Pub. L. 104–193, title I, § 110(b), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat.
2171.
CHILD SUPPORT DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IN NEW
YORK STATE
Pub. L. 100–203, title IX, § 9122, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat.
1330–312, authorized State of New York, upon applica-
tion by State and approval by Secretary of Health and
Human Services, to conduct demonstration program in
accordance with this section for purpose of testing
State’s Child Support Supplemental Program as alter-
native to the program of Aid to Families with Depend-
ent Children under this subchapter, prior to repeal by
Pub. L. 104–193, title I, § 110(c), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat.
2171.
UTILITY PAYMENTS MADE BY TENANTS IN ASSISTED
HOUSING
Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title II, § 221], Nov. 30, 1983, 97
Stat. 1188, as amended by Pub. L. 98–479, title I,
§ 102(g)(3), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2222, provided that not-
withstanding any other provision of law, for purposes
of determining eligibility, or amount of benefits pay-
able, under this part, any utility payment made in lieu
of any rental payment by person living in dwelling unit
in lower income housing project assisted under the
United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437 et
seq.) or section 1715z–1 of Title 12, Banks and Banking,
was to be considered to be shelter payment, prior to re-
peal by Pub. L. 104–193, title I, § 110(d), Aug. 22, 1996, 110
Stat. 2171.
EXCLUSION FROM INCOME
Pub. L. 97–248, title I, § 159, Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 400,
provided that payments made under statutorily estab-
lished State program to meet certain needs of children
receiving aid under State’s plan approved under this
part were to be excluded from income of such children
and their families for purposes of section 602(a)(17) of
this title and for all other purposes of this part and of
such plan, effective Sept. 3, 1982, if the payments were
made to such children by State agency administering
such plan, but were made without Federal financial
participation under section 603(a) of this title or other-
wise, and if State program had been continuously in ef-
fect since before Jan. 1, 1979, prior to repeal by Pub. L.
104–193, title I, § 110(e), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2171.
STATE PLANS TO DISREGARD EARNED INCOME OF INDI-
VIDUALS
IN DETERMINATION
OF NEED
FOR AID; EF-
FECTIVE DATE
Pub. L. 90–248, title II, § 202(d), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat.
882, provided that effective with respect to quarters be-
ginning after June 30, 1968, in determining need of indi-
viduals claiming aid under State plan approved under
this part, State was to apply provisions of this part
notwithstanding any provisions of law other than this
chapter requiring State to disregard earned income of
such individuals in determining need under such State
plan, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–193, title I, § 110(f),
Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2171.
§ 603. Grants to States
(a) Grants
(1) Family assistance grant
(A) In general
Each eligible State shall be entitled to re-
ceive from the Secretary, for each of fiscal
years 2017 and 2018, a grant in an amount
equal to the State family assistance grant.
(B) State family assistance grant
The State family assistance grant payable
to a State for a fiscal year shall be the
amount that bears the same ratio to the
amount specified in subparagraph (C) of this
paragraph (as in effect just before February
22, 2012), reduced by the percentage specified
in section 613(h)(1) of this title with respect
to the fiscal year, as the amount required to
be paid to the State under this paragraph (as
so in effect) for fiscal year 2002 (determined
without regard to any reduction pursuant to
Page 2142
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 603
section 609 or 612(a)(1) of this title) bears to
the total amount required to be paid under
this paragraph for fiscal year 2002 (as so de-
termined).
(C) Appropriation
Out of any money in the Treasury of the
United States not otherwise appropriated,
there are appropriated for each of fiscal
years 2017 and 2018 $16,566,542,000 for grants
under this paragraph.
(2) Healthy marriage promotion and respon-
sible fatherhood grants
(A) In general
(i) Use of funds
Subject to subparagraphs (B), (C), and
(E), the Secretary may use the funds made
available under subparagraph (D) for the
purpose of conducting and supporting re-
search and demonstration projects by pub-
lic or private entities, and providing tech-
nical assistance to States, Indian tribes
and tribal organizations, and such other
entities as the Secretary may specify that
are receiving a grant under another provi-
sion of this part.
(ii) Limitations
The Secretary may not award funds
made available under this paragraph on a
noncompetitive basis, and may not provide
any such funds to an entity for the purpose
of carrying out healthy marriage pro-
motion activities or for the purpose of car-
rying out activities promoting responsible
fatherhood unless the entity has submitted
to the Secretary an application (or, in the
case of an entity seeking funding to carry
out healthy marriage promotion activities
and activities promoting responsible fa-
therhood, a combined application that
contains assurances that the entity will
carry out such activities under separate
programs and shall not combine any funds
awarded to carry out either such activi-
ties) which—
(I) describes—
(aa) how the programs or activities
proposed in the application will ad-
dress, as appropriate, issues of domes-
tic violence; and
(bb) what the applicant will do, to
the extent relevant, to ensure that par-
ticipation in the programs or activities
is voluntary, and to inform potential
participants that their participation is
voluntary; and
(II) contains a commitment by the en-
tity—
(aa) to not use the funds for any
other purpose; and
(bb) to consult with experts in do-
mestic violence or relevant community
domestic violence coalitions in devel-
oping the programs and activities.
(iii) Healthy marriage promotion activities
In clause (ii), the term ‘‘healthy mar-
riage promotion activities’’ means the fol-
lowing:
(I) Public advertising campaigns on
the value of marriage and the skills
needed to increase marital stability and
health.
(II) Education in high schools on the
value of marriage, relationship skills,
and budgeting.
(III)
Marriage
education,
marriage
skills, and relationship skills programs,
that may include parenting skills, finan-
cial management, conflict resolution,
and job and career advancement.
(IV) Pre-marital education and mar-
riage skills training for engaged couples
and for couples or individuals interested
in marriage.
(V) Marriage enhancement and mar-
riage skills training programs for mar-
ried couples.
(VI) Divorce reduction programs that
teach relationship skills.
(VII) Marriage mentoring programs
which use married couples as role models
and mentors in at-risk communities.
(VIII) Programs to reduce the disincen-
tives to marriage in means-tested aid
programs, if offered in conjunction with
any activity described in this subpara-
graph.
(B) Limitation on use of funds for demonstra-
tion projects for coordination of provi-
sion of child welfare and TANF services
to tribal families at risk of child abuse or
neglect
(i) In general
Of the amounts made available under
subparagraph (D) for a fiscal year, the Sec-
retary may not award more than $2,000,000
on a competitive basis to fund demonstra-
tion projects designed to test the effective-
ness of tribal governments or tribal con-
sortia in coordinating the provision to
tribal families at risk of child abuse or ne-
glect of child welfare services and services
under tribal programs funded under this
part.
(ii) Limitation on use of funds
A grant made pursuant to clause (i) to
such a project shall not be used for any
purpose other than—
(I) to improve case management for
families eligible for assistance from such
a tribal program;
(II) for supportive services and assist-
ance to tribal children in out-of-home
placements and the tribal families car-
ing for such children, including families
who adopt such children; and
(III) for prevention services and assist-
ance to tribal families at risk of child
abuse and neglect.
(iii) Reports
The Secretary may require a recipient of
funds awarded under this subparagraph to
provide the Secretary with such informa-
tion as the Secretary deems relevant to
enable the Secretary to facilitate and
oversee the administration of any project
for which funds are provided under this
subparagraph.
Page 2143
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 603
(C) Limitation on use of funds for activities
promoting responsible fatherhood
(i) In general
Of the amounts made available under
subparagraph (D) for a fiscal year, the Sec-
retary may not award more than $75,000,000
on a competitive basis to States, terri-
tories, Indian tribes and tribal organiza-
tions, and public and nonprofit community
entities, including religious organizations,
for activities promoting responsible fa-
therhood.
(ii) Activities promoting responsible father-
hood
In this paragraph, the term ‘‘activities
promoting responsible fatherhood’’ means
the following:
(I) Activities to promote marriage or
sustain marriage through activities such
as counseling, mentoring, disseminating
information about the benefits of mar-
riage and 2-parent involvement for chil-
dren, enhancing relationship skills, edu-
cation regarding how to control aggres-
sive behavior, disseminating information
on the causes of domestic violence and
child abuse, marriage preparation pro-
grams, premarital counseling, marital
inventories, skills-based marriage edu-
cation, financial planning seminars, in-
cluding improving a family’s ability to
effectively manage family business af-
fairs by means such as education, coun-
seling, or mentoring on matters related
to family finances, including household
management, budgeting, banking, and
handling of financial transactions and
home maintenance, and divorce edu-
cation and reduction programs, includ-
ing mediation and counseling.
(II) Activities to promote responsible
parenting through activities such as
counseling, mentoring, and mediation,
disseminating information about good
parenting practices, skills-based par-
enting education, encouraging child sup-
port payments, and other methods.
(III) Activities to foster economic sta-
bility by helping fathers improve their
economic status by providing activities
such as work first services, job search,
job training, subsidized employment, job
retention, job enhancement, and encour-
aging education, including career-ad-
vancing education, dissemination of em-
ployment materials, coordination with
existing employment services such as
welfare-to-work programs, referrals to
local employment training initiatives,
and other methods.
(IV) Activities to promote responsible
fatherhood that are conducted through a
contract with a nationally recognized,
nonprofit fatherhood promotion organi-
zation, such as the development, pro-
motion, and distribution of a media cam-
paign to encourage the appropriate in-
volvement of parents in the life of any
child and specifically the issue of respon-
sible fatherhood, and the development of
a national clearinghouse to assist States
and communities in efforts to promote
and support marriage and responsible fa-
therhood.
(D) Appropriation
Out of any money in the Treasury of the
United States not otherwise appropriated,
there are appropriated for each of fiscal
years 2017 and 2018 for expenditure in accord-
ance with this paragraph—
(i) $75,000,000 for awarding funds for the
purpose of carrying out healthy marriage
promotion activities; and
(ii) $75,000,000 for awarding funds for the
purpose of carrying out activities pro-
moting responsible fatherhood.
If the Secretary makes an award under sub-
paragraph (B)(i) for fiscal year 2017 or 2018,
the funds for such award shall be taken in
equal portion from the amounts appro-
priated under clauses (i) and (ii).
(E) Preference
In awarding funds under this paragraph for
fiscal year 2011, the Secretary shall give
preference to entities that were awarded
funds under this paragraph for any prior fis-
cal year and that have demonstrated the
ability to successfully carry out the pro-
grams funded under this paragraph.
(3) Supplemental grant for population in-
creases in certain States
(A) In general
Each qualifying State shall, subject to
subparagraph (F), be entitled to receive from
the Secretary—
(i) for fiscal year 1998 a grant in an
amount equal to 2.5 percent of the total
amount required to be paid to the State
under former section 603 of this title (as in
effect during fiscal year 1994) for fiscal
year 1994; and
(ii) for each of fiscal years 1999, 2000, and
2001, a grant in an amount equal to the
sum of—
(I) the amount (if any) required to be
paid to the State under this paragraph
for the immediately preceding fiscal
year; and
(II) 2.5 percent of the sum of—
(aa) the total amount required to be
paid to the State under former section
603 of this title (as in effect during fis-
cal year 1994) for fiscal year 1994; and
(bb) the amount (if any) required to
be paid to the State under this para-
graph for the fiscal year preceding the
fiscal year for which the grant is to be
made.
(B) Preservation of grant without increases
for States failing to remain qualifying
States
Each State that is not a qualifying State
for a fiscal year specified in subparagraph
(A)(ii) but was a qualifying State for a prior
fiscal year shall, subject to subparagraph
(F), be entitled to receive from the Sec-
retary for the specified fiscal year, a grant
in an amount equal to the amount required
Page 2144
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 603
1 So in original. Probably should be followed by ‘‘and’’.
to be paid to the State under this paragraph
for the most recent fiscal year for which the
State was a qualifying State.
(C) Qualifying State
(i) In general
For purposes of this paragraph, a State
is a qualifying State for a fiscal year if—
(I) the level of welfare spending per
poor person by the State for the imme-
diately preceding fiscal year is less than
the national average level of State wel-
fare spending per poor person for such
preceding fiscal year; and
(II) the population growth rate of the
State (as determined by the Bureau of
the Census) for the most recent fiscal
year for which information is available
exceeds the average population growth
rate for all States (as so determined) for
such most recent fiscal year.
(ii) State must qualify in fiscal year 1998
Notwithstanding clause (i), a State shall
not be a qualifying State for any fiscal
year after 1998 by reason of clause (i) if the
State is not a qualifying State for fiscal
year 1998 by reason of clause (i).
(iii)
Certain
States
deemed
qualifying
States
For purposes of this paragraph, a State
is deemed to be a qualifying State for fis-
cal years 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001 if—
(I) the level of welfare spending per
poor person by the State for fiscal year
1994 is less than 35 percent of the na-
tional average level of State welfare
spending per poor person for fiscal year
1994; or
(II) the population of the State in-
creased by more than 10 percent from
April 1, 1990 to July 1, 1994, according to
the population estimates in publication
CB94–204 of the Bureau of the Census.
(D) Definitions
As used in this paragraph:
(i) Level of welfare spending per poor per-
son
The term ‘‘level of State welfare spend-
ing per poor person’’ means, with respect
to a State and a fiscal year—
(I) the sum of—
(aa) the total amount required to be
paid to the State under former section
603 of this title (as in effect during fis-
cal year 1994) for fiscal year 1994; and
(bb) the amount (if any) paid to the
State under this paragraph for the im-
mediately preceding fiscal year; di-
vided by
(II) the number of individuals, accord-
ing to the 1990 decennial census, who
were residents of the State and whose in-
come was below the poverty line.
(ii) National average level of State welfare
spending per poor person
The term ‘‘national average level of
State welfare spending per poor person’’
means, with respect to a fiscal year, an
amount equal to—
(I) the total amount required to be
paid to the States under former section
603 of this title (as in effect during fiscal
year 1994) for fiscal year 1994; divided by
(II) the number of individuals, accord-
ing to the 1990 decennial census, who
were residents of any State and whose
income was below the poverty line.
(iii) State
The term ‘‘State’’ means each of the 50
States of the United States and the Dis-
trict of Columbia.
(E) Appropriation
Out of any money in the Treasury of the
United States not otherwise appropriated,
there are appropriated for fiscal years 1998,
1999, 2000, and 2001 such sums as are nec-
essary for grants under this paragraph, in a
total amount not to exceed $800,000,000.
(F) Grants reduced pro rata if insufficient
appropriations
If the amount appropriated pursuant to
this paragraph for a fiscal year (or portion of
a fiscal year) is less than the total amount
of payments otherwise required to be made
under this paragraph for the fiscal year (or
portion of the fiscal year), then the amount
otherwise payable to any State for the fiscal
year (or portion of the fiscal year) under this
paragraph shall be reduced by a percentage
equal to the amount so appropriated divided
by such total amount.
(G) Budget scoring
Notwithstanding section 907(b)(2) of title 2,
the baseline shall assume that no grant shall
be made under this paragraph after fiscal
year 2001.
(H) Reauthorization
Notwithstanding any other provision of
this paragraph—
(i) any State that was a qualifying State
under this paragraph for fiscal year 2001 or
any prior fiscal year shall be entitled to
receive from the Secretary for each of fis-
cal years 2002 and 2003 a grant in an
amount equal to the amount required to be
paid to the State under this paragraph for
the most recent fiscal year in which the
State was a qualifying State;
(ii) subparagraph (G) shall be applied as
if ‘‘fiscal year 2011’’ were substituted for
‘‘fiscal year 2001’’; 1
(iii) out of any money in the Treasury of
the United States not otherwise appro-
priated, there are appropriated for each of
fiscal years 2002 and 2003 such sums as are
necessary for grants under this subpara-
graph.
(4) Bonus to reward high performance States
(A) In general
The Secretary shall make a grant pursu-
ant to this paragraph to each State for each
bonus year for which the State is a high per-
forming State.
Page 2145
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 603
2 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘entities’’.
(B) Amount of grant
(i) In general
Subject to clause (ii) of this subpara-
graph, the Secretary shall determine the
amount of the grant payable under this
paragraph to a high performing State for a
bonus year, which shall be based on the
score assigned to the State under subpara-
graph (D)(i) for the fiscal year that imme-
diately precedes the bonus year.
(ii) Limitation
The amount payable to a State under
this paragraph for a bonus year shall not
exceed 5 percent of the State family assist-
ance grant.
(C) Formula for measuring State perform-
ance
Not later than 1 year after August 22, 1996,
the Secretary, in consultation with the Na-
tional Governors’ Association and the Amer-
ican Public Welfare Association, shall de-
velop a formula for measuring State per-
formance in operating the State program
funded under this part so as to achieve the
goals set forth in section 601(a) of this title.
(D) Scoring of State performance; setting of
performance thresholds
For each bonus year, the Secretary shall—
(i) use the formula developed under sub-
paragraph (C) to assign a score to each eli-
gible State for the fiscal year that imme-
diately precedes the bonus year; and
(ii) prescribe a performance threshold in
such a manner so as to ensure that—
(I) the average annual total amount of
grants to be made under this paragraph
for each bonus year equals $200,000,000;
and
(II) the total amount of grants to be
made under this paragraph for all bonus
years equals $1,000,000,000.
(E) Definitions
As used in this paragraph:
(i) Bonus year
The term ‘‘bonus year’’ means fiscal
years 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003.
(ii) High performing State
The
term
‘‘high
performing
State’’
means, with respect to a bonus year, an el-
igible State whose score assigned pursuant
to subparagraph (D)(i) for the fiscal year
immediately preceding the bonus year
equals or exceeds the performance thresh-
old prescribed under subparagraph (D)(ii)
for such preceding fiscal year.
(F) Appropriation
Out of any money in the Treasury of the
United States not otherwise appropriated,
there are appropriated for fiscal years 1999
through 2003 $1,000,000,000 for grants under
this paragraph.
(5) Welfare-to-work grants
(A) Formula grants
(i) Entitlement
A State shall be entitled to receive from
the Secretary of Labor a grant for each fis-
cal year specified in subparagraph (H) of
this paragraph for which the State is a
welfare-to-work State, in an amount that
does not exceed the lesser of—
(I) 2 times the total of the expenditures
by the State (excluding qualified State
expenditures
(as
defined
in
section
609(a)(7)(B)(i) of this title) and any ex-
penditure described in subclause (I), (II),
or (IV) of section 609(a)(7)(B)(iv) of this
title) during the period permitted under
subparagraph (C)(vii) of this paragraph
for the expenditure of funds under the
grant for activities described in subpara-
graph (C)(i) of this paragraph; or
(II) the allotment of the State under
clause (iii) of this subparagraph for the
fiscal year.
(ii) Welfare-to-work State
A State shall be considered a welfare-to-
work State for a fiscal year for purposes of
this paragraph if the Secretary of Labor
determines that the State meets the fol-
lowing requirements:
(I) The State has submitted to the Sec-
retary of Labor and the Secretary of
Health and Human Services (in the form
of an addendum to the State plan sub-
mitted under section 602 of this title) a
plan which—
(aa) describes how, consistent with
this subparagraph, the State will use
any funds provided under this subpara-
graph during the fiscal year;
(bb) specifies the formula to be used
pursuant to clause (vi) to distribute
funds in the State, and describes the
process by which the formula was de-
veloped;
(cc) contains evidence that the plan
was developed in consultation and co-
ordination with appropriate entitites 2
in sub-State areas;
(dd) contains assurances by the Gov-
ernor of the State that the private in-
dustry council (and any alternate
agency designated by the Governor
under item (ee)) for a service delivery
area in the State will coordinate the
expenditure of any funds provided
under this subparagraph for the benefit
of the service delivery area with the
expenditure of the funds provided to
the State under paragraph (1);
(ee) if the Governor of the State de-
sires to have an agency other than a
private industry council administer
the funds provided under this subpara-
graph for the benefit of 1 or more serv-
ice delivery areas in the State, con-
tains an application to the Secretary
of Labor for a waiver of clause (vii)(I)
with respect to the area or areas in
order to permit an alternate agency
designated by the Governor to so ad-
minister the funds; and
(ff) describes how the State will en-
sure that a private industry council to
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3 See References in Text note below.
which information is disclosed pursu-
ant to section 603(a)(5)(K) 3 or 654A(f)(5)
of this title has procedures for safe-
guarding the information and for en-
suring that the information is used
solely for the purpose described in that
section.
(II) The State has provided to the Sec-
retary of Labor an estimate of the
amount that the State intends to expend
during the period permitted under sub-
paragraph (C)(vii) of this paragraph for
the expenditure of funds under the grant
(excluding expenditures described in sec-
tion 609(a)(7)(B)(iv) of this title (other
than subclause (III) thereof)) pursuant to
this paragraph.
(III) The State has agreed to negotiate
in good faith with the Secretary of
Health and Human Services with respect
to the substance and funding of any eval-
uation under section 613(j) of this title,
and to cooperate with the conduct of any
such evaluation.
(IV) The State is an eligible State for
the fiscal year.
(V) The State certifies that qualified
State expenditures (within the meaning
of section 609(a)(7) of this title) for the
fiscal year will be not less than the ap-
plicable percentage of historic State ex-
penditures (within the meaning of sec-
tion 609(a)(7) of this title) with respect to
the fiscal year.
(iii) Allotments to welfare-to-work States
(I) In general
Subject to this clause, the allotment of
a welfare-to-work State for a fiscal year
shall be the available amount for the fis-
cal year, multiplied by the State per-
centage for the fiscal year.
(II) Minimum allotment
The allotment of a welfare-to-work
State (other than Guam, the Virgin Is-
lands, or American Samoa) for a fiscal
year shall not be less than 0.25 percent of
the available amount for the fiscal year.
(III) Pro rata reduction
Subject to subclause (II), the Secretary
of Labor shall make pro rata reductions
in the allotments to States under this
clause for a fiscal year as necessary to
ensure that the total of the allotments
does not exceed the available amount for
the fiscal year.
(iv) Available amount
As used in this subparagraph, the term
‘‘available amount’’ means, for a fiscal
year, the sum of—
(I) 75 percent of the sum of—
(aa) the amount specified in subpara-
graph (H) for the fiscal year, minus the
total of the amounts reserved pursuant
to subparagraphs (E), (F), and (G) for
the fiscal year; and
(bb) any amount reserved pursuant
to subparagraph (E) for the imme-
diately preceding fiscal year that has
not been obligated; and
(II) any available amount for the im-
mediately preceding fiscal year that has
not been obligated by a State, other than
funds reserved by the State for distribu-
tion under clause (vi)(III) and funds dis-
tributed pursuant to clause (vi)(I) in any
State in which the service delivery area
is the State.
(v) State percentage
As used in clause (iii), the term ‘‘State
percentage’’ means, with respect to a fis-
cal year, 1⁄2 of the sum of—
(I) the percentage represented by the
number of individuals in the State whose
income is less than the poverty line di-
vided by the number of such individuals
in the United States; and
(II) the percentage represented by the
number of adults who are recipients of
assistance under the State program
funded under this part divided by the
number of adults in the United States
who are recipients of assistance under
any State program funded under this
part.
(vi) Procedure for distribution of funds
within States
(I) Allocation formula
A State to which a grant is made under
this subparagraph shall devise a formula
for allocating not less than 85 percent of
the amount of the grant among the serv-
ice delivery areas in the State, which—
(aa) determines the amount to be al-
located for the benefit of a service de-
livery area in proportion to the num-
ber (if any) by which the population of
the area with an income that is less
than the poverty line exceeds 7.5 per-
cent of the total population of the
area, relative to such number for all
such areas in the State with such an
excess, and accords a weight of not less
than 50 percent to this factor;
(bb) may determine the amount to be
allocated for the benefit of such an
area in proportion to the number of
adults residing in the area who have
been recipients of assistance under the
State program funded under this part
(whether in effect before or after the
amendments made by section 103(a) of
the Personal Responsibility and Work
Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
first applied to the State) for at least
30 months (whether or not consecutive)
relative to the number of such adults
residing in the State; and
(cc) may determine the amount to be
allocated for the benefit of such an
area in proportion to the number of
unemployed individuals residing in the
area relative to the number of such in-
dividuals residing in the State.
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4 So in original. The period probably should be a semicolon.
(II) Distribution of funds
(aa) In general
If the amount allocated by the for-
mula to a service delivery area is at
least $100,000, the State shall distribute
the amount to the entity admin-
istering the grant in the area.
(bb) Special rule
If the amount allocated by the for-
mula to a service delivery area is less
than $100,000, the sum shall be avail-
able for distribution in the State under
subclause (III) during the fiscal year.
(III) Projects to help long-term recipients
of assistance enter unsubsidized jobs
The Governor of a State to which a
grant is made under this subparagraph
may distribute not more than 15 percent
of the grant funds (plus any amount re-
quired to be distributed under this sub-
clause by reason of subclause (II)(bb)) to
projects that appear likely to help long-
term recipients of assistance under the
State program funded under this part
(whether in effect before or after the
amendments made by section 103(a) of
the Personal Responsibility and Work
Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
first applied to the State) enter unsub-
sidized employment.
(vii) Administration
(I) Private industry councils
The private industry council for a serv-
ice delivery area in a State shall have
sole authority, in coordination with the
chief elected official (as defined in sec-
tion 3 of the Workforce Innovation and
Opportunity Act [29 U.S.C. 3102]) of the
area, to expend the amounts distributed
under clause (vi)(II)(aa) for the benefit of
the service delivery area, in accordance
with the assurances described in clause
(ii)(I)(dd) provided by the Governor of
the State.
(II) Enforcement of coordination of ex-
penditures with other expenditures
under this part
Notwithstanding subclause (I) of this
clause, on a determination by the Gov-
ernor of a State that a private industry
council (or an alternate agency described
in clause (ii)(I)(dd)) has used funds pro-
vided under this subparagraph in a man-
ner inconsistent with the assurances de-
scribed in clause (ii)(I)(dd)—
(aa) the private industry council (or
such alternate agency) shall remit the
funds to the Governor; and
(bb) the Governor shall apply to the
Secretary of Labor for a waiver of sub-
clause (I) of this clause with respect to
the service delivery area or areas in-
volved in order to permit an alternate
agency designated by the Governor to
administer the funds in accordance
with the assurances.
(III) Authority to permit use of alternate
administering agency
The Secretary of Labor shall approve
an application submitted under clause
(ii)(I)(ee) or subclause (II)(bb) of this
clause to waive subclause (I) of this
clause with respect to 1 or more service
delivery areas if the Secretary deter-
mines that the alternate agency des-
ignated in the application would improve
the effectiveness or efficiency of the ad-
ministration
of
amounts
distributed
under clause (vi)(II)(aa) for the benefit of
the area or areas.
(viii) Data to be used in determining the
number of adult TANF recipients
For purposes of this subparagraph, the
number of adult recipients of assistance
under a State program funded under this
part for a fiscal year shall be determined
using data for the most recent 12-month
period for which such data is available be-
fore the beginning of the fiscal year.
(ix) Reversion of unallotted formula funds
If at the end of any fiscal year any funds
available under this subparagraph have
not been allotted due to a determination
by the Secretary that any State has not
met the requirements of clause (ii), such
funds shall be transferred to the General
Fund of the Treasury of the United States.
(B) Competitive grants
(i) In general
The Secretary of Labor shall award
grants in accordance with this subpara-
graph, in fiscal years 1998 and 1999, for
projects proposed by eligible applicants,
based on the following:
(I) The effectiveness of the proposal
in—
(aa) expanding the base of knowledge
about programs aimed at moving re-
cipients of assistance under State pro-
grams funded under this part who are
least job ready into unsubsidized em-
ployment.4
(bb) moving recipients of assistance
under State programs funded under
this part who are least job ready into
unsubsidized employment; and
(cc) moving recipients of assistance
under State programs funded under
this part who are least job ready into
unsubsidized
employment,
even
in
labor markets that have a shortage of
low-skill jobs.
(II) At the discretion of the Secretary
of Labor, any of the following:
(aa) The history of success of the ap-
plicant in moving individuals with
multiple barriers into work.
(bb) Evidence of the applicant’s abil-
ity to leverage private, State, and
local resources.
(cc) Use by the applicant of State
and local resources beyond those re-
quired by subparagraph (A).
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TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 603
(dd) Plans of the applicant to coordi-
nate with other organizations at the
local and State level.
(ee) Use by the applicant of current
or former recipients of assistance
under a State program funded under
this part as mentors, case managers, or
service providers.
(ii) Eligible applicants
As used in clause (i), the term ‘‘eligible
applicant’’ means a private industry coun-
cil for a service delivery area in a State, a
political subdivision of a State, or a pri-
vate entity applying in conjunction with
the private industry council for such a
service delivery area or with such a polit-
ical subdivision, that submits a proposal
developed in consultation with the Gov-
ernor of the State.
(iii) Determination of grant amount
In determining the amount of a grant to
be made under this subparagraph for a
project proposed by an applicant, the Sec-
retary of Labor shall provide the applicant
with an amount sufficient to ensure that
the project has a reasonable opportunity
to be successful, taking into account the
number of long-term recipients of assist-
ance under a State program funded under
this part, the level of unemployment, the
job opportunities and job growth, the pov-
erty rate, and such other factors as the
Secretary of Labor deems appropriate, in
the area to be served by the project.
(iv) Consideration of needs of rural areas
and cities with large concentrations of
poverty
In making grants under this subpara-
graph, the Secretary of Labor shall con-
sider the needs of rural areas and cities
with large concentrations of residents with
an income that is less than the poverty
line.
(v) Funding
For grants under this subparagraph for
each fiscal year specified in subparagraph
(H), there shall be available to the Sec-
retary of Labor an amount equal to the
sum of—
(I) 25 percent of the sum of—
(aa) the amount specified in subpara-
graph (H) for the fiscal year, minus the
total of the amounts reserved pursuant
to subparagraphs (E), (F), and (G) for
the fiscal year; and
(bb) any amount reserved pursuant
to subparagraph (E) for the imme-
diately preceding fiscal year that has
not been obligated; and
(II) any amount available for grants
under this subparagraph for the imme-
diately preceding fiscal year that has not
been obligated.
(C) Limitations on use of funds
(i) Allowable activities
An entity to which funds are provided
under this paragraph shall use the funds to
move individuals into and keep individuals
in lasting unsubsidized employment by
means of any of the following:
(I) The conduct and administration of
community service or work experience
programs.
(II) Job creation through public or pri-
vate sector employment wage subsidies.
(III) On-the-job training.
(IV) Contracts with public or private
providers of readiness, placement, and
post-employment services, or if the enti-
ty is not a private industry council or
workforce investment board, the direct
provision of such services.
(V) Job vouchers for placement, readi-
ness, and postemployment services.
(VI) Job retention or support services
if such services are not otherwise avail-
able.
(VII) Not more than 6 months of voca-
tional educational or job training.
Contracts or vouchers for job placement
services supported by such funds must re-
quire that at least 1⁄2 of the payment occur
after an eligible individual placed into the
workforce has been in the workforce for 6
months.
(ii) General eligibility
An entity that operates a project with
funds provided under this paragraph may
expend funds provided to the project for
the benefit of recipients of assistance
under the program funded under this part
of the State in which the entity is located
who—
(I) has received assistance under the
State program funded under this part
(whether in effect before or after the
amendments made by section 103 of the
Personal Responsibility and Work Op-
portunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 first
apply to the State) for at least 30 months
(whether or not consecutive); or
(II) within 12 months, will become in-
eligible for assistance under the State
program funded under this part by rea-
son of a durational limit on such assist-
ance, without regard to any exemption
provided pursuant to section 608(a)(7)(C)
of this title that may apply to the indi-
vidual.
(iii) Noncustodial parents
An entity that operates a project with
funds provided under this paragraph may
use the funds to provide services in a form
described in clause (i) to noncustodial par-
ents with respect to whom the require-
ments of the following subclauses are met:
(I) The noncustodial parent is unem-
ployed, underemployed, or having dif-
ficulty in paying child support obliga-
tions.
(II) At least 1 of the following applies
to a minor child of the noncustodial par-
ent (with preference in the determina-
tion of the noncustodial parents to be
provided services under this paragraph
to be provided by the entity to those
Page 2149
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 603
noncustodial parents with minor chil-
dren who meet, or who have custodial
parents who meet, the requirements of
item (aa)):
(aa) The minor child or the custodial
parent of the minor child meets the re-
quirements of subclause (I) or (II) of
clause (ii).
(bb) The minor child is eligible for,
or is receiving, benefits under the pro-
gram funded under this part.
(cc) The minor child received bene-
fits under the program funded under
this part in the 12-month period pre-
ceding the date of the determination
but no longer receives such benefits.
(dd) The minor child is eligible for,
or is receiving, assistance under the
Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 [7
U.S.C. 2011 et seq.], benefits under the
supplemental security income program
under subchapter XVI of this chapter,
medical assistance under subchapter
XIX of this chapter, or child health as-
sistance under subchapter XXI of this
chapter.
(III) In the case of a noncustodial par-
ent who becomes enrolled in the project
on or after November 29, 1999, the non-
custodial parent is in compliance with
the terms of an oral or written personal
responsibility
contract
entered
into
among the noncustodial parent, the enti-
ty, and (unless the entity demonstrates
to the Secretary that the entity is not
capable of coordinating with such agen-
cy) the agency responsible for admin-
istering the State plan under part D,
which was developed taking into account
the employment and child support status
of the noncustodial parent, which was
entered into not later than 30 (or, at the
option of the entity, not later than 90)
days after the noncustodial parent was
enrolled in the project, and which, at a
minimum, includes the following:
(aa) A commitment by the noncusto-
dial parent to cooperate, at the ear-
liest opportunity, in the establishment
of the paternity of the minor child,
through voluntary acknowledgement
or other procedures, and in the estab-
lishment of a child support order.
(bb) A commitment by the noncusto-
dial parent to cooperate in the pay-
ment of child support for the minor
child, which may include a modifica-
tion of an existing support order to
take into account the ability of the
noncustodial parent to pay such sup-
port and the participation of such par-
ent in the project.
(cc) A commitment by the noncusto-
dial parent to participate in employ-
ment or related activities that will en-
able the noncustodial parent to make
regular child support payments, and if
the noncustodial parent has not at-
tained 20 years of age, such related ac-
tivities may include completion of
high school, a general equivalency de-
gree, or other education directly re-
lated to employment.
(dd) A description of the services to
be provided under this paragraph, and
a commitment by the noncustodial
parent to participate in such services,
that are designed to assist the non-
custodial parent obtain and retain em-
ployment, increase earnings, and en-
hance the financial and emotional con-
tributions to the well-being of the
minor child.
In order to protect custodial parents and
children who may be at risk of domestic
violence, the preceding provisions of this
subclause shall not be construed to af-
fect any other provision of law requiring
a custodial parent to cooperate in estab-
lishing the paternity of a child or estab-
lishing or enforcing a support order with
respect to a child, or entitling a custo-
dial parent to refuse, for good cause, to
provide such cooperation as a condition
of assistance or benefit under any pro-
gram, shall not be construed to require
such cooperation by the custodial parent
as a condition of participation of either
parent in the program authorized under
this paragraph, and shall not be con-
strued to require a custodial parent to
cooperate with or participate in any ac-
tivity under this clause. The entity oper-
ating a project under this clause with
funds provided under this paragraph
shall consult with domestic violence pre-
vention and intervention organizations
in the development of the project.
(iv) Targeting of hard to employ individ-
uals with characteristics associated
with long-term welfare dependence
An entity that operates a project with
funds provided under this paragraph may
expend not more than 30 percent of all
funds provided to the project for programs
that provide assistance in a form described
in clause (i)—
(I) to recipients of assistance under the
program funded under this part of the
State in which the entity is located who
have
characteristics
associated
with
long-term welfare dependence (such as
school dropout, teen pregnancy, or poor
work history), including, at the option of
the State, by providing assistance in
such form as a condition of receiving as-
sistance under the State program funded
under this part;
(II) to children—
(aa) who have attained 18 years of
age but not 25 years of age; and
(bb) who, before attaining 18 years of
age, were recipients of foster care
maintenance payments (as defined in
section 675(4) of this title) under part E
or were in foster care under the respon-
sibility of a State;
(III) to recipients of assistance under
the State program funded under this
part, determined to have significant bar-
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TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 603
5 So in original.
riers to self-sufficiency, pursuant to cri-
teria established by the local private in-
dustry council; or
(IV) to custodial parents with incomes
below 100 percent of the poverty line (as
defined in section 9902(2) of this title, in-
cluding any revision required by such
section, applicable to a family of the size
involved).
To the extent that the entity does not ex-
pend such funds in accordance with the
preceding sentence, the entity shall ex-
pend such funds in accordance with clauses
(ii) and (iii) and, as appropriate, clause (v).
(v) Authority to provide work-related serv-
ices to individuals who have reached
the 5-year limit
An entity that operates a project with
funds provided under this paragraph may
use the funds to provide assistance in a
form described in clause (i) of this sub-
paragraph to, or for the benefit of, individ-
uals who (but for section 608(a)(7) of this
title) would be eligible for assistance
under the program funded under this part
of the State in which the entity is located.
(vi) Relationship to other provisions of this
part
(I) Rules governing use of funds
The rules of section 604 of this title,
other than subsections (b), (f), and (h) of
section 604 of this title, shall not apply
to a grant made under this paragraph.
(II) Rules governing payments to States
The Secretary of Labor shall carry out
the functions otherwise assigned by sec-
tion 605 of this title to the Secretary of
Health and Human Services with respect
to the grants payable under this para-
graph.
(III) Administration
Section 616 of this title shall not apply
to the programs under this paragraph.
(vii) Prohibition against use of grant funds
for any other fund matching require-
ment
An entity to which funds are provided
under this paragraph shall not use any
part of the funds, nor any part of State ex-
penditures made to match the funds, to
fulfill any obligation of any State, polit-
ical subdivision, or private industry coun-
cil to contribute funds under subsection
(b) or section 618 of this title or any other
provision of this chapter or other Federal
law.
(viii) Deadline for expenditure
An entity to which funds are provided
under this paragraph shall remit to the
Secretary of Labor any part of the funds
that are not expended within 5 years after
the date the funds are so provided.
(ix) Regulations
Within 90 days after August 5, 1997, the
Secretary of Labor, after consultation
with the Secretary of Health and Human
Services and the Secretary of Housing and
Urban Development, shall prescribe such
regulations as may be necessary to imple-
ment this paragraph.
(x) Reporting requirements
The Secretary of Labor, in consultation
with the Secretary of Health and Human
Services, States, and organizations that
represent State or local governments,
shall establish requirements for the collec-
tion and maintenance of financial and par-
ticipant information and the reporting of
such information by entities carrying out
activities under this paragraph.
(D) Definitions
(i) Individuals with income less than the
poverty line
For purposes of this paragraph, the num-
ber of individuals with an income that is
less than the poverty line shall be deter-
mined for a fiscal year—
(I) based on the methodology used by
the Bureau of the Census to produce and
publish intercensal poverty data for
States and counties (or, in the case of
Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam,
and American Samoa, other poverty data
selected by the Secretary of Labor); and
(II) using data for the most recent year
for which such data is available before
the beginning of the fiscal year.
(ii) Private industry council
As used in this paragraph, the term ‘‘pri-
vate industry council’’ means, with respect
to a service delivery area, the private in-
dustry council or local workforce develop-
ment board established for the local work-
force development area pursuant to title I
of the Workforce Innovation and Oppor-
tunity Act [29 U.S.C. 3111 et seq.], as ap-
propriate.
(iii) Service delivery area
As used in this paragraph, the term
‘‘service delivery area’’ shall have the
meaning given such term for purposes of
the Job Training Partnership Act or.5
(E) Funding for Indian tribes
1 percent of the amount specified in sub-
paragraph (H) for fiscal year 1998 and
$15,000,000 of the amount so specified for fis-
cal year 1999 shall be reserved for grants to
Indian tribes under section 612(a)(3) of this
title.
(F) Funding for evaluations of welfare-to-
work programs
0.6 percent of the amount specified in sub-
paragraph (H) for fiscal year 1998 and
$9,000,000 of the amount so specified for fis-
cal year 1999 shall be reserved for use by the
Secretary to carry out section 613(j) of this
title.
(G) Funding for evaluation of abstinence
education programs
(i) In general
0.2 percent of the amount specified in
subparagraph (H) for fiscal year 1998 and
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TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 603
$3,000,000 of the amount so specified for fis-
cal year 1999 shall be reserved for use by
the Secretary to evaluate programs under
section 710 of this title, directly or
through grants, contracts, or interagency
agreements.
(ii) Authority to use funds for evaluations
of welfare-to-work programs
Any such amount not required for such
evaluations shall be available for use by
the Secretary to carry out section 613(j) of
this title.
(iii) Deadline for outlays
Outlays from funds used pursuant to
clause (i) for evaluation of programs under
section 710 of this title shall not be made
after fiscal year 2005.
(iv) Interim report
Not later than January 1, 2002, the Sec-
retary shall submit to the Congress an in-
terim report on the evaluations referred to
in clause (i).
(H) Appropriations
(i) In general
Out of any money in the Treasury of the
United States not otherwise appropriated,
there are appropriated for grants under
this paragraph—
(I) $1,500,000,000 for fiscal year 1998; and
(II) $1,400,000,000 for fiscal year 1999.
(ii) Availability
The amounts made available pursuant to
clause (i) shall remain available for such
period as is necessary to make the grants
provided for in this paragraph.
(I) Worker protections
(i) Nondisplacement in work activities
(I) General prohibition
Subject to this clause, an adult in a
family receiving assistance attributable
to funds provided under this paragraph
may fill a vacant employment position
in order to engage in a work activity.
(II) Prohibition against violation of con-
tracts
A work activity engaged in under a
program operated with funds provided
under this paragraph shall not violate an
existing contract for services or a collec-
tive bargaining agreement, and such a
work activity that would violate a col-
lective bargaining agreement shall not
be undertaken without the written con-
currence of the labor organization and
employer concerned.
(III) Other prohibitions
An adult participant in a work activity
engaged in under a program operated
with funds provided under this paragraph
shall not be employed or assigned—
(aa) when any other individual is on
layoff from the same or any substan-
tially equivalent job;
(bb) if the employer has terminated
the employment of any regular em-
ployee or otherwise caused an involun-
tary reduction in its workforce with
the intention of filling the vacancy so
created with the participant; or
(cc) if the employer has caused an in-
voluntary reduction to less than full
time in hours of any employee in the
same or a substantially equivalent job.
(ii) Health and safety
Health and safety standards established
under Federal and State law otherwise ap-
plicable to working conditions of employ-
ees shall be equally applicable to working
conditions of other participants engaged in
a work activity under a program operated
with funds provided under this paragraph.
(iii) Nondiscrimination
In addition to the protections provided
under the provisions of law specified in
section 608(c) of this title, an individual
may not be discriminated against by rea-
son of gender with respect to participation
in work activities engaged in under a pro-
gram operated with funds provided under
this paragraph.
(iv) Grievance procedure
(I) In general
Each State to which a grant is made
under this paragraph shall establish and
maintain a procedure for grievances or
complaints from employees alleging vio-
lations of clause (i) and participants in
work activities alleging violations of
clause (i), (ii), or (iii).
(II) Hearing
The procedure shall include an oppor-
tunity for a hearing.
(III) Remedies
The procedure shall include remedies
for violation of clause (i), (ii), or (iii),
which may continue during the pendency
of the procedure, and which may in-
clude—
(aa) suspension or termination of
payments from funds provided under
this paragraph;
(bb) prohibition of placement of a
participant with an employer that has
violated clause (i), (ii), or (iii);
(cc) where applicable, reinstatement
of an employee, payment of lost wages
and benefits, and reestablishment of
other relevant terms, conditions and
privileges of employment; and
(dd) where appropriate, other equi-
table relief.
(IV) Appeals
(aa) Filing
Not later than 30 days after a griev-
ant or complainant receives an adverse
decision under the procedure estab-
lished pursuant to subclause (I), the
grievant or complainant may appeal
the decision to a State agency des-
ignated by the State which shall be
independent of the State or local agen-
Page 2152
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 603
cy that is administering the programs
operated with funds provided under
this paragraph and the State agency
administering, or supervising the ad-
ministration of, the State program
funded under this part.
(bb) Final determination
Not later than 120 days after the
State agency designated under item
(aa) receives a grievance or complaint
made under the procedure established
by a State pursuant to subclause (I),
the State agency shall make a final de-
termination on the appeal.
(v) Rule of interpretation
This subparagraph shall not be construed
to affect the authority of a State to pro-
vide or require workers’ compensation.
(vi) Nonpreemption of State law
The provisions of this subparagraph shall
not be construed to preempt any provision
of State law that affords greater protec-
tions to employees or to other participants
engaged in work activities under a pro-
gram funded under this part than is af-
forded by such provisions of this subpara-
graph.
(J) Information disclosure
If a State to which a grant is made under
this section establishes safeguards against
the use or disclosure of information about
applicants or recipients of assistance under
the State program funded under this part,
the safeguards shall not prevent the State
agency administering the program from fur-
nishing to a private industry council the
names, addresses, telephone numbers, and
identifying case number information in the
State program funded under this part, of
noncustodial parents residing in the service
delivery area of the private industry council,
for the purpose of identifying and contacting
noncustodial parents regarding participation
in the program under this paragraph.
(b) Contingency Fund
(1) Establishment
There is hereby established in the Treasury
of the United States a fund which shall be
known as the ‘‘Contingency Fund for State
Welfare Programs’’ (in this section referred to
as the ‘‘Fund’’).
(2) Deposits into fund
Out of any money in the Treasury of the
United States not otherwise appropriated,
there are appropriated for fiscal year 2018 such
sums as are necessary for payment to the
Fund in a total amount not to exceed
$608,000,000.
(3) Grants
(A) Provisional payments
If an eligible State submits to the Sec-
retary a request for funds under this para-
graph during an eligible month, the Sec-
retary shall, subject to this paragraph, pay
to the State, from amounts appropriated
pursuant to paragraph (2), an amount equal
to the amount of funds so requested.
(B) Payment priority
The Secretary shall make payments under
subparagraph (A) in the order in which the
Secretary receives requests for such pay-
ments.
(C) Limitations
(i) Monthly payment to a State
The total amount paid to a single State
under subparagraph (A) during a month
shall not exceed 1⁄12 of 20 percent of the
State family assistance grant.
(ii) Payments to all States
The total amount paid to all States
under subparagraph (A) during fiscal year
2011 and 2012, respectively, shall not exceed
the total amount appropriated pursuant to
paragraph (2) for each such fiscal year.
(4) ‘‘Eligible month’’ defined
As used in paragraph (3)(A), the term ‘‘eligi-
ble month’’ means, with respect to a State, a
month in the 2-month period that begins with
any month for which the State is a needy
State.
(5) Needy State
For purposes of paragraph (4), a State is a
needy State for a month if—
(A) the average rate of—
(i) total unemployment in such State
(seasonally adjusted) for the period con-
sisting of the most recent 3 months for
which data for all States are published
equals or exceeds 6.5 percent; and
(ii) total unemployment in such State
(seasonally adjusted) for the 3-month pe-
riod equals or exceeds 110 percent of such
average rate for either (or both) of the cor-
responding 3-month periods ending in the 2
preceding calendar years; or
(B) as determined by the Secretary of Ag-
riculture (in the discretion of the Secretary
of Agriculture), the monthly average num-
ber of individuals (as of the last day of each
month) participating in the supplemental
nutrition assistance program in the State in
the then most recently concluded 3-month
period for which data are available exceeds
by not less than 10 percent the lesser of—
(i) the monthly average number of indi-
viduals (as of the last day of each month)
in the State that would have participated
in the supplemental nutrition assistance
program in the corresponding 3-month pe-
riod in fiscal year 1994 if the amendments
made by titles IV [8 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.] and
VIII of the Personal Responsibility and
Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of
1996 had been in effect throughout fiscal
year 1994; or
(ii) the monthly average number of indi-
viduals (as of the last day of each month)
in the State that would have participated
in the supplemental nutrition assistance
program in the corresponding 3-month pe-
riod in fiscal year 1995 if the amendments
made by titles IV and VIII of the Personal
Responsibility and Work Opportunity Rec-
onciliation Act of 1996 had been in effect
throughout fiscal year 1995.
Page 2153
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 603
(6) Annual reconciliation
(A) In general
Notwithstanding paragraph (3), if the Sec-
retary makes a payment to a State under
this subsection in a fiscal year, then the
State shall remit to the Secretary, within 1
year after the end of the first subsequent pe-
riod of 3 consecutive months for which the
State is not a needy State, an amount equal
to the amount (if any) by which—
(i) the total amount paid to the State
under paragraph (3) of this subsection in
the fiscal year; exceeds
(ii) the product of—
(I) the Federal medical assistance per-
centage for the State (as defined in sec-
tion 1396d(b) of this title, as such section
was in effect on September 30, 1995);
(II) the State’s reimbursable expendi-
tures for the fiscal year; and
(III) 1⁄12 times the number of months
during the fiscal year for which the Sec-
retary made a payment to the State
under such paragraph (3).
(B) Definitions
As used in subparagraph (A):
(i) Reimbursable expenditures
The term ‘‘reimbursable expenditures’’
means, with respect to a State and a fiscal
year, the amount (if any) by which—
(I) countable State expenditures for
the fiscal year; exceeds
(II) historic State expenditures (as de-
fined in section 609(a)(7)(B)(iii) of this
title), excluding any amount expended
by the State for child care under sub-
section (g) or (i) of section 602 of this
title (as in effect during fiscal year 1994)
for fiscal year 1994.
(ii) Countable State expenditures
The
term
‘‘countable
expenditures’’
means, with respect to a State and a fiscal
year—
(I) the qualified State expenditures (as
defined in section 609(a)(7)(B)(i) of this
title (other than the expenditures de-
scribed in subclause (I)(bb) of such sec-
tion)) under the State program funded
under this part for the fiscal year; plus
(II) any amount paid to the State
under paragraph (3) during the fiscal
year that is expended by the State under
the State program funded under this
part.
(C) Adjustment of State remittances
(i) In general
The amount otherwise required by sub-
paragraph (A) to be remitted by a State for
a fiscal year shall be increased by the less-
er of—
(I) the total adjustment for the fiscal
year, multiplied by the adjustment per-
centage for the State for the fiscal year;
or
(II) the unadjusted net payment to the
State for the fiscal year.
(ii) Total adjustment
As used in clause (i), the term ‘‘total ad-
justment’’ means—
(I) in the case of fiscal year 1998,
$2,000,000;
(II) in the case of fiscal year 1999,
$9,000,000;
(III) in the case of fiscal year 2000,
$16,000,000; and
(IV) in the case of fiscal year 2001,
$13,000,000.
(iii) Adjustment percentage
As used in clause (i), the term ‘‘adjust-
ment percentage’’ means, with respect to a
State and a fiscal year—
(I) the unadjusted net payment to the
State for the fiscal year; divided by
(II) the sum of the unadjusted net pay-
ments to all States for the fiscal year.
(iv) Unadjusted net payment
As used in this subparagraph, the term,
‘‘unadjusted net payment’’ means with re-
spect to a State and a fiscal year—
(I) the total amount paid to the State
under paragraph (3) in the fiscal year;
minus
(II) the amount that, in the absence of
this subparagraph, would be required by
subparagraph (A) or by section 609(a)(10)
of this title to be remitted by the State
in respect of the payment.
(7) ‘‘State’’ defined
As used in this subsection, the term ‘‘State’’
means each of the 50 States and the District of
Columbia.
(8) Annual reports
The Secretary shall annually report to the
Congress on the status of the Fund.
(c) Pandemic emergency assistance
(1) Appropriation
In addition to amounts otherwise available,
there is appropriated for fiscal year 2021, out
of any money in the Treasury of the United
States
not
otherwise
appropriated,
$1,000,000,000, to remain available until ex-
pended, to carry out this subsection.
(2) Reservation of funds for technical assist-
ance
Of the amount specified in paragraph (1), the
Secretary shall reserve $2,000,000 for adminis-
trative expenses and the provision of technical
assistance to States and Indian tribes with re-
spect to the use of funds provided under this
subsection.
(3) Allotments
(A) 50 States and the District of Columbia
(i) Total amount to be allotted
The Secretary shall allot a total of 92.5
percent of the amount specified in para-
graph (1) that is not reserved under para-
graph (2) among the States that are not a
territory and that are operating a program
funded under this part, in accordance with
clause (ii) of this subparagraph.
(ii) Allotment formula
The Secretary shall allot to each such
State the sum of the following percentages
of the total amount described in clause (i):
Page 2154
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 603
(I) 50 percent, multiplied by—
(aa) the population of children in the
State, determined on the basis of the
most recent population estimates as
determined by the Bureau of the Cen-
sus; divided by
(bb) the total population of children
in the States that are not territories,
as so determined; plus
(II) 50 percent, multiplied by—
(aa) the total amount expended by
the State for basic assistance, non-re-
current short term benefits, and emer-
gency assistance in fiscal year 2019, as
reported by the State under section 611
of this title; divided by
(bb) the total amount expended by
the States that are not territories for
basic assistance, non-recurrent short
term benefits, and emergency assist-
ance in fiscal year 2019, as so reported
by the States.
(B) Territories and Indian Tribes
The Secretary shall allot among the terri-
tories and Indian tribes otherwise eligible
for a grant under this part such portions of
7.5 percent of the amount specified in para-
graph (1) that are not reserved under para-
graph (2) as the Secretary deems appropriate
based on the needs of the territory or Indian
tribe involved.
(C) Expenditure commitment requirement
To receive the full amount of funding pay-
able under this subsection, a State or Indian
tribe shall inform the Secretary as to wheth-
er it intends to use all of its allotment under
this paragraph and provide that informa-
tion—
(i) in the case of a State that is not a
territory, within 45 days after March 11,
2021; or
(ii) in the case of a territory or an Indian
tribe, within 90 days after such date.
(4) Grants
(A) In general
The Secretary shall provide funds to each
State and Indian tribe to which an amount
is allotted under paragraph (3), from the
amount so allotted.
(B) Treatment of unused funds
(i) Reallotment
The Secretary shall reallot in accord-
ance with paragraph (3) all funds provided
to any State or Indian tribe under this
subsection that are unused, among the
other States and Indian tribes eligible for
funds under this subsection. For purposes
of paragraph (3), the Secretary shall treat
the funds as if included in the amount
specified in paragraph (1).
(ii) Provision
The Secretary shall provide funds to
each such other State or Indian tribe in an
amount equal to the amount so reallotted.
(5) Recipient of funds provided for territories
In the case of a territory not operating a
program funded under this part, the Secretary
shall provide the funds required to be provided
to the territory under this subsection, to the
agency that administers the bulk of local
human services programs in the territory.
(6) Use of funds
(A) In general
A State or Indian tribe to which funds are
provided under this subsection may use the
funds only for non-recurrent short term ben-
efits, whether in the form of cash or in other
forms.
(B) Limitation on use for administrative ex-
penses
A State to which funds are provided under
this subsection shall not expend more than
15 percent of the funds for administrative
purposes.
(C) Nonsupplantation
Funds provided under this subsection shall
be used to supplement and not supplant
other Federal, State, or tribal funds for serv-
ices and activities that promote the pur-
poses of this part.
(D) Expenditure deadline
(i) In general
Except as provided in clause (ii), a State
or Indian tribe to which funds are provided
under this subsection shall expend the
funds not later than the end of fiscal year
2022.
(ii) Exception for reallotted funds
A State or Indian tribe to which funds
are provided under paragraph (4)(B) shall
expend the funds within 12 months after
receipt.
(7) Suspension of territory spending cap
Section 1308 of this title shall not apply with
respect to any funds provided under this sub-
section.
(8) Definitions
In this subsection:
(A) Applicable period
The term ‘‘applicable period’’ means the
period that begins with April 1, 2021, and
ends with September 30, 2022.
(B) Non-recurrent short term benefits
The term ‘‘non-recurrent short term bene-
fits’’ has the meaning given the term in
OMB approved Form ACF–196R, published on
July 31, 2014.
(C) State
The term ‘‘State’’ means the 50 States of
the United States, the District of Columbia,
and the territories.
(D) Territory
The term ‘‘territory’’ means the Common-
wealth of Puerto Rico, the United States
Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and
the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands.
(Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title IV, § 403, as added
Pub. L. 104–193, title I, § 103(a)(1), Aug. 22, 1996,
110 Stat. 2115; amended Pub. L. 104–327, § 1(b),
Page 2155
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 603
Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 4002; Pub. L. 105–33, title
V, §§ 5001(a)(1), 5502, 5514(c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat.
577, 606, 620; Pub. L. 105–78, title VI, § 608, Nov. 13,
1997, 111 Stat. 1522; Pub. L. 105–89, title IV,
§ 404(a), (b), Nov. 19, 1997, 111 Stat. 2134; Pub. L.
105–200, title IV, § 408, July 16, 1998, 112 Stat. 672;
Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(f) [title I, § 102, title
VIII, § 405(d)(30), (f)(22)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat.
2681–337, 2681–346, 2681–425, 2681–432; Pub. L.
105–306, § 6(a), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2928; Pub. L.
106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(4) [title VIII, §§ 801(a),
(b)(1), (c), 802, 803, 804(b), 805(a)(2), (b), 806], Nov.
29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–280, 1501A–281,
1501A–283 to 1501A–286; Pub. L. 106–246, div. B,
title II, § 2402, July 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 555; Pub. L.
106–554, § 1(a)(1) [title I, §§ 103, 107(a)–(b)(4), (c),
title V, § 513], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763,
2763A–11, 2763A–12, 2763A–71; Pub. L. 107–147, title
VI, §§ 616, 617, Mar. 9, 2002, 116 Stat. 62; Pub. L.
108–40, § 3(a), (c)–(e), June 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 836,
837; Pub. L. 108–89, title I, § 101(b)(1), (2), Oct. 1,
2003, 117 Stat. 1131; Pub. L. 108–210, § 2(b), Mar. 31,
2004, 118 Stat. 564; Pub. L. 108–262, § 2(b), June 30,
2004, 118 Stat. 696; Pub. L. 108–308, § 2(b)(1), (2),
Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1135; Pub. L. 109–4, § 2(b),
Mar. 25, 2005, 119 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 109–19, § 2(b),
July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 344; Pub. L. 109–68,
§ 2(b)(2)(A), (B), Sept. 21, 2005, 119 Stat. 2003; Pub.
L. 109–161, § 2(b), Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2958; Pub.
L. 109–171, title VII, §§ 7101(b)(1), (2), 7103(a), Feb.
8, 2006, 120 Stat. 135, 138; Pub. L. 110–234, title IV,
§ 4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (2)(V), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat.
1095–1097;
Pub.
L.
110–246,
§ 4(a),
title
IV,
§ 4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (2)(V), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat.
1664, 1857, 1858; Pub. L. 110–275, title III, § 301(b),
July 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 2594; Pub. L. 111–5, div. B,
title II, §§ 2101(a), 2102(b), Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat.
446, 449; Pub. L. 111–242, § 131(b)(1), (2), Sept. 30,
2010, 124 Stat. 2612; Pub. L. 111–291, title VIII,
§ 811(b)–(d), Dec. 8, 2010, 124 Stat. 3159; Pub. L.
112–96, title IV, § 4002(a), (b), Feb. 22, 2012, 126
Stat. 194, 195; Pub. L. 112–275, § 9(a), Jan. 14, 2013,
126 Stat. 2465; Pub. L. 113–128, title V, § 512(dd)(1),
July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1717; Pub. L. 115–31, div.
M, title I, § 102(a)(1), (2), (b), (c)(2), May 5, 2017,
131 Stat. 800, 803; Pub. L. 117–2, title IX, § 9201,
Mar. 11, 2021, 135 Stat. 124.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
Section 603(a)(5)(K) of this title, referred to in subsec.
(a)(5)(A)(ii)(I)(ff),
was
redesignated
as
section
603(a)(5)(J) by Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1) [title I, § 107(a)],
Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–12.
Section 103 of the Personal Responsibility and Work
Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, referred to in
subsec. (a)(5)(A)(vi)(I)(bb), (III), (C)(ii)(I), is section 103
of Pub. L. 104–193, which enacted this part, amended
sections 602, 603, and 1308 of this title, and repealed pro-
visions formerly set out as this part. For complete clas-
sification of section 103 to the Code, see Tables.
The Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, referred to in
subsec. (a)(5)(C)(iii)(II)(dd), is Pub. L. 88–525, Aug. 31,
1964, 78 Stat. 703, which is classified generally to chap-
ter 51 (§ 2011 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For com-
plete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short
Title note set out under section 2011 of Title 7 and Ta-
bles.
The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, re-
ferred to in subsec. (a)(5)(D)(ii), is Pub. L. 113–128, July
22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1425. Title I of the Act is classified
generally to subchapter I (§ 3111 et seq.) of chapter 32 of
Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act
to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section
3101 of Title 29 and Tables.
The Job Training Partnership Act, referred to in sub-
sec. (a)(5)(D)(iii), is Pub. L. 97–300, Oct. 13, 1982, 96 Stat.
1322, which was classified generally to chapter 19 (§ 1501
et seq.) of Title 29, Labor, and was repealed by Pub. L.
105–220, title I, § 199(b)(2), (c)(2)(B), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat.
1059, effective July 1, 2000. Pursuant to former section
2940(b) of Title 29, references to a provision of the Job
Training Partnership Act, effective Aug. 7, 1998, were
deemed to refer to that provision or the corresponding
provision of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998, Pub.
L. 105–220, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 936, and, effective July
1, 2000, were deemed to refer to the corresponding provi-
sion of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998. The
Workforce Investment Act of 1998 was repealed by Pub.
L. 113–128, title V, §§ 506, 511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat.
1703, 1705, effective July 1, 2015. For complete classifica-
tion of the Job Training Partnership Act and the Work-
force Investment Act of 1998 to the Code, see Tables.
The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity
Reconciliation Act of 1996, referred to in subsec.
(b)(5)(B), is Pub. L. 104–193, Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2105.
Title IV of the Act is classified principally to chapter
14 (§ 1601 et seq.) of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. For
complete classification of titles IV and VIII of the Act
to the Code, see Tables.
CODIFICATION
Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical
amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub.
L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L.
110–246.
PRIOR PROVISIONS
A prior section 603, acts Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title IV,
§ 403, 49 Stat. 628; Aug. 10, 1939, ch. 666, title IV, § 402, 53
Stat. 1380; Aug. 10, 1946, ch. 951, title V, § 502, 60 Stat.
992; June 14, 1948, ch. 468, § 3(b), 62 Stat. 439; Aug. 28,
1950, ch. 809, title III, pt. 2, § 322(a), pt. 6, § 361(c), (d), 64
Stat. 550, 558; July 18, 1952, ch. 945, § 8(b), 66 Stat. 778;
Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1206, title III, § 303(a), 68 Stat. 1097;
Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 836, title III, §§ 302, 312(c), 342, 351(a), 70
Stat. 847, 849, 852, 854; Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–840, title
V, § 502, 72 Stat. 1048; July 25, 1962, Pub. L. 87–543, title
I, §§ 101(a)(2), (b)(2)(A)–(C), 104(a)(3)(C), 108(b), (c), 76
Stat. 174, 180, 185, 190; July 30, 1965, Pub. L. 89–97, title
I, § 122, title IV, § 401(c), 79 Stat. 353, 415; Jan. 2, 1968,
Pub. L. 90–248, title II, §§ 201(c)–(e)(3), 205(b), 206(a),
207(b), 208, 241(b)(2), (3), 81 Stat. 879, 880, 892–894, 916;
June 28, 1968, Pub. L. 90–364, title III, § 301, 82 Stat. 273;
July 9, 1969, Pub. L. 91–41, § 3, 83 Stat. 45; Dec. 28, 1971,
Pub. L. 92–223, § 3(a)(8), (9), 85 Stat. 805; Oct. 20, 1972,
Pub. L. 92–512, title III, § 301(b)–(d), 86 Stat. 946, 947; Oct.
30, 1972, Pub. L. 92–603, title II, §§ 299E(d), 299F, 86 Stat.
1462, 1463; Jan. 4, 1975, Pub. L. 93–647, §§ 3(a)(3), (4), (e)(2),
5(b), 101(c)(6)(A), 88 Stat. 2348–2350, 2360; Aug. 9, 1975,
Pub. L. 94–88, title II, § 204, 89 Stat. 435; Nov. 12, 1977,
Pub. L. 95–171, § 3(a)(1), 91 Stat. 1354; Dec. 20, 1977, Pub.
L. 95–216, title IV, §§ 401, 402(a), 91 Stat. 1559, 1560; June
9, 1980, Pub. L. 96–265, title IV, §§ 401(g), (h), 406(a),
407(c), 94 Stat. 462, 465, 467; Aug. 13, 1981, Pub. L. 97–35,
title XXI, §§ 2181(a)(1), 2184(b)(1), title XXIII, §§ 2307(b),
2315(b), 2317(a), 2319(a)–(c), 2353(b)(1), (d), 95 Stat. 815,
817, 848, 855–857, 872; Sept. 3, 1982, Pub. L. 97–248, title I,
§§ 154(b), 156(a)–(c), 157(a), 96 Stat. 397–399; July 18, 1984,
Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VI, § 2663(c)(2), (j)(2)(B)(i),
(3)(B)(i), 98 Stat. 1166, 1170, 1171; Aug. 16, 1984, Pub. L.
98–378, § 9(b), 98 Stat. 1316; Nov. 6, 1986, Pub. L. 99–603,
title I, § 121(b)(1), 100 Stat. 3390; Dec. 22, 1987, Pub. L.
100–203, title IX, § 9102(c), 101 Stat. 1330–300; Oct. 13, 1988,
Pub. L. 100–485, title II, §§ 201(c), (d), 202(b)(4)–(6),
204(b)(2),
title
III,
§§ 302(b)(2),
304(b)(2),
title
VI,
§§ 601(c)(1), 606, 609(a), 102 Stat. 2372, 2377, 2381, 2384, 2393,
2407, 2410, 2424; Dec. 19, 1989, Pub. L. 101–239, title VIII,
§ 8004(b), 103 Stat. 2460; Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–508, title
V, § 5081(b), 104 Stat. 1388–235; Aug. 10, 1993, Pub. L.
103–66, title XIII, § 13741(a), 107 Stat. 663; July 27, 1995,
Page 2156
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 603
Pub. L. 104–19, title I, 109 Stat. 215; Apr. 26, 1996, Pub.
L. 104–134, title III, 110 Stat. 1321–355; Aug. 22, 1996, Pub.
L. 104–193, title I, § 103(c)(2)(B), 110 Stat. 2161; June 12,
1997, Pub. L. 105–18, title II, 111 Stat. 204, related to pay-
ments to States with approved plans for aid and serv-
ices to needy families with children, prior to repeal by
Pub. L. 104–193, § 103(a)(1), as amended by Pub. L. 105–33,
title V, § 5514(c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 620, effective
July 1, 1997.
AMENDMENTS
2021—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–2 added subsec. (c).
2017—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 115–31, § 102(a)(1), sub-
stituted ‘‘each of fiscal years 2017 and 2018’’ for ‘‘fiscal
year 2012’’.
Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 115–31, § 102(c)(2), inserted
‘‘, reduced by the percentage specified in section
613(h)(1) of this title with respect to the fiscal year,’’
before ‘‘as the amount’’.
Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 115–31, § 102(a)(1), substituted
‘‘each of fiscal years 2017 and 2018’’ for ‘‘fiscal year
2012’’.
Subsec. (a)(2)(D). Pub. L. 115–31, § 102(a)(2), sub-
stituted ‘‘each of fiscal years 2017 and 2018’’ for ‘‘fiscal
year 2012’’ in introductory provisions and ‘‘fiscal year
2017 or 2018’’ for ‘‘fiscal year 2012’’ in concluding provi-
sions.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 115–31, § 102(b), amended par. (2)
generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:
‘‘Out of any money in the Treasury of the United
States not otherwise appropriated, there are appro-
priated for fiscal years 2013 and 2014 such sums as are
necessary for payment to the Fund in a total amount
not to exceed $612,000,000 for each fiscal year, of which
$2,000,000 shall be reserved for carrying out the activi-
ties of the commission established by the Protect our
Kids Act of 2012 to reduce fatalities resulting from
child abuse and neglect.’’
2014—Subsec.
(a)(5)(A)(vii)(I).
Pub.
L.
113–128,
§ 512(dd)(1)(A), substituted ‘‘chief elected official (as de-
fined in section 3 of the Workforce Innovation and Op-
portunity Act)’’ for ‘‘chief elected official (as defined in
section 101 of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998)’’.
Subsec. (a)(5)(D)(ii). Pub. L. 113–128, § 512(dd)(1)(B),
which directed the substitution of ‘‘local workforce de-
velopment board established for the local workforce de-
velopment area pursuant to title I of the Workforce In-
novation and Opportunity Act, as appropriate’’ for
‘‘local workforce investment board established for the
service delivery area pursuant to title I of the Work-
force Investment Act of 1998, as appropriate’’, was exe-
cuted by making the substitution for ‘‘local workforce
investment board established for the service delivery
area pursuant to title I of the Workforce Investment
Area of 1998, as appropriate’’ to reflect the probable in-
tent of Congress.
2013—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 112–275 substituted ‘‘for
fiscal years 2013 and 2014 such sums as are necessary for
payment to the Fund in a total amount not to exceed
$612,000,000 for each fiscal year, of which $2,000,000 shall
be reserved for carrying out the activities of the com-
mission established by the Protect our Kids Act of 2012
to reduce fatalities resulting from child abuse and ne-
glect.’’ for ‘‘for fiscal years 2011 and 2012 such sums as
are necessary for payment to the Fund in a total
amount not to exceed, in the case of fiscal year 2011,
such sums as are necessary for amounts obligated on or
after October 1, 2010, and before December 8, 2010, and
in the case of fiscal year 2012, $612,000,000.’’
2012—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 112–96, § 4002(a)(1), sub-
stituted ‘‘fiscal year 2012’’ for ‘‘each of fiscal years 1996,
1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003’’.
Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 112–96, § 4002(a)(2), inserted
‘‘(as in effect just before February 22, 2012)’’ after ‘‘sub-
paragraph (C) of this paragraph’’ and ‘‘(as so in effect)’’
after ‘‘State under this paragraph’’.
Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 112–96, § 4002(a)(3), sub-
stituted ‘‘2012’’ for ‘‘2003’’.
Subsec. (a)(2)(D). Pub. L. 112–96, § 4002(b), substituted
‘‘2012’’ for ‘‘2011’’ in two places.
2010—Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(i). Pub. L. 111–291, § 811(b)(1)(A),
substituted ‘‘, (C), and (E)’’ for ‘‘and (C)’’.
Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 111–291, § 811(b)(1)(B), in-
serted ‘‘(or, in the case of an entity seeking funding to
carry out healthy marriage promotion activities and
activities promoting responsible fatherhood, a com-
bined application that contains assurances that the en-
tity will carry out such activities under separate pro-
grams and shall not combine any funds awarded to
carry out either such activities)’’ after ‘‘an applica-
tion’’ in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(iii)(III). Pub. L. 111–291, § 811(b)(1)(C),
added subcl. (III) and struck out former subcl. (III)
which read as follows: ‘‘Marriage education, marriage
skills, and relationship skills programs, that may in-
clude parenting skills, financial management, conflict
resolution, and job and career advancement, for non-
married pregnant women and non-married expectant
fathers.’’
Subsec. (a)(2)(C)(i). Pub. L. 111–291, § 811(b)(2), sub-
stituted ‘‘$75,000,000’’ for ‘‘$50,000,000’’.
Subsec. (a)(2)(D), (E). Pub. L. 111–291, § 811(b)(3), (4),
added subpars. (D) and (E) and struck out former sub-
par. (D). Prior to amendment, text of subpar. (D) read
as follows: ‘‘Out of any money in the Treasury of the
United States not otherwise appropriated, there are ap-
propriated $150,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2006
through 2010, for expenditure in accordance with this
paragraph.’’
Subsec. (a)(3)(F). Pub. L. 111–291, § 811(d)(1), inserted
‘‘(or portion of a fiscal year)’’ after ‘‘a fiscal year’’ and
inserted ‘‘(or portion of the fiscal year)’’ after ‘‘the fis-
cal year’’ in two places.
Subsec. (a)(3)(H)(ii). Pub. L. 111–291, § 811(d)(2), added
cl. (ii) and struck out former cl. (ii) which read as fol-
lows: ‘‘subparagraph (G) shall be applied as if ‘the date
specified in section 106(3) of the Continuing Appropria-
tions Act, 2011’ were substituted for ‘fiscal year 2001’;
and’’.
Pub. L. 111–242, § 131(b)(1), amended cl. (ii) generally.
Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: ‘‘subpara-
graph (G) shall be applied as if ‘fiscal year 2010’ were
substituted for ‘fiscal year 2001’; and’’.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 111–291, § 811(c), substituted
‘‘such sums as are necessary for amounts obligated on
or after October 1, 2010, and before December 8, 2010,’’
for ‘‘$506,000,000’’ and struck out ‘‘, reduced by the sum
of the dollar amounts specified in paragraph (6)(C)(ii)’’
before period at end.
Pub. L. 111–242, § 131(b)(2)(A), substituted ‘‘fiscal years
2011 and 2012’’ for ‘‘fiscal years 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
2002, and 2003’’ and ‘‘, in the case of fiscal year 2011,
$506,000,000 and in the case of fiscal year 2012,
$612,000,000’’ for ‘‘$2,000,000,000’’.
Subsec. (b)(3)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 111–242, § 131(b)(2)(B), sub-
stituted ‘‘fiscal year 2011 and 2012, respectively, shall
not exceed the total amount appropriated pursuant to
paragraph (2) for each such fiscal year’’ for ‘‘fiscal
years 1997 through 2010 shall not exceed the total
amount appropriated pursuant to paragraph (2)’’.
2009—Subsec. (a)(3)(H)(ii). Pub. L. 111–5, § 2102(b),
amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii)
read as follows: ‘‘subparagraph (G) shall be applied as if
‘fiscal year 2009’ were substituted for ‘fiscal year 2001’;
and’’.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–5, § 2101(a)(2), struck out sub-
sec. (c) which related to the Emergency Contingency
Fund for State TANF Programs.
Pub. L. 111–5, § 2101(a)(1), added subsec. (c).
2008—Subsec. (a)(3)(H)(ii). Pub. L. 110–275 amended cl.
(ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as fol-
lows: ‘‘subparagraph (G) shall be applied as if ‘fiscal
year 2008’ were substituted for ‘fiscal year 2001’; and’’.
Subsec.
(a)(5)(C)(iii)(II)(dd).
Pub.
L.
110–246,
§ 4002(b)(1)(B), (2)(V), substituted ‘‘Food and Nutrition
Act of 2008’’ for ‘‘Food Stamp Act of 1977’’.
Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4002(b)(1)(A), (2)(V),
substituted ‘‘supplemental nutrition assistance pro-
gram’’ for ‘‘food stamp program’’ wherever appearing.
2006—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–171, § 7103(a), amended
heading and text of par. (2) generally. Prior to amend-
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§ 603
ment, text related to bonus grant to reward decrease in
illegitimacy ratio and defined for purposes of par. (2)
terms ‘‘eligible State’’, ‘‘bonus year’’, and ‘‘illegit-
imacy ratio’’.
Subsec. (a)(3)(H)(ii). Pub. L. 109–171, § 7101(b)(1), which
directed substitution of ‘‘fiscal year 2008’’ for ‘‘Decem-
ber, 31, 2005’’, was executed by making the substitution
for ‘‘December 31, 2005’’ to reflect the probable intent of
Congress.
Subsec. (b)(3)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 109–171, § 7101(b)(2), sub-
stituted ‘‘2010’’ for ‘‘2006’’.
2005—Subsec. (a)(3)(H)(ii). Pub. L. 109–161, which di-
rected substitution of ‘‘March 31, 2006’’ for ‘‘December
31, 2005’’, could not be executed due to amendment by
Pub. L. 109–171, § 7101(b)(1). See 2006 Amendment note
above and Effective Date of 2006 Amendment note
below.
Pub. L. 109–68, § 2(b)(2)(A), substituted ‘‘December 31’’
for ‘‘September 30’’.
Pub. L. 109–19 substituted ‘‘September 30’’ for ‘‘June
30’’.
Pub. L. 109–4 substituted ‘‘June 30’’ for ‘‘March 31’’.
Subsec. (b)(3)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 109–68, § 2(b)(2)(B), sub-
stituted ‘‘2006’’ for ‘‘2005’’.
2004—Subsec. (a)(3)(H)(ii). Pub. L. 108–308, § 2(b)(1),
substituted ‘‘March 31, 2005’’ for ‘‘September 30, 2004’’.
Pub. L. 108–262 substituted ‘‘September 30’’ for ‘‘June
30’’.
Pub. L. 108–210 substituted ‘‘June 30’’ for ‘‘March 31’’.
Subsec. (b)(3)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 108–308, § 2(b)(2), sub-
stituted ‘‘2005’’ for ‘‘2004’’.
2003—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 108–40, § 3(a)(1), sub-
stituted ‘‘2002, and 2003’’ for ‘‘and 2002’’.
Subsec. (a)(1)(B) to (E). Pub. L. 108–40, § 3(a)(2), added
subpars. (B) and (C) and struck out former subpars. (B)
to (E) which related to, in subpar. (B), definition of
‘‘State family assistance grant’’, in subpar. (C), defini-
tion of ‘‘total amount required to be paid to the State
under former section 603 of this title’’, in subpar. (D),
information to be used in determining amounts of
grants for fiscal years 1992 to 1995, and, in subpar. (E),
appropriations for fiscal years 1996 to 2002.
Subsec. (a)(2)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 108–40, § 3(c)(1), sub-
stituted ‘‘2002, and 2003’’ for ‘‘and 2002’’.
Subsec. (a)(2)(D). Pub. L. 108–40, § 3(c)(2), substituted
‘‘2003’’ for ‘‘2002’’.
Subsec. (a)(3)(H). Pub. L. 108–40, § 3(d)(1), and Pub. L.
108–89, § 101(b)(1)(A), amended subpar. identically, strik-
ing out ‘‘of grants for fiscal year 2002’’ after ‘‘Reauthor-
ization’’ in heading.
Subsec. (a)(3)(H)(i). Pub. L. 108–40, § 3(d)(2), sub-
stituted ‘‘each of fiscal years 2002 and 2003’’ for ‘‘fiscal
year 2002’’.
Subsec. (a)(3)(H)(ii). Pub. L. 108–89, § 101(b)(1)(B), sub-
stituted ‘‘March 31, 2004’’ for ‘‘2003’’ and ‘‘fiscal year
2001’’ for ‘‘2001’’.
Pub. L. 108–40, § 3(d)(3), substituted ‘‘2003’’ for ‘‘2002’’.
Subsec. (a)(3)(H)(iii). Pub. L. 108–40, § 3(d)(4), sub-
stituted ‘‘each of fiscal years 2002 and 2003’’ for ‘‘fiscal
year 2002’’.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 108–40, § 3(e)(1), substituted
‘‘2002, and 2003’’ for ‘‘and 2002’’.
Subsec. (b)(3)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 108–89, § 101(b)(2), sub-
stituted ‘‘2004’’ for ‘‘2003’’.
Pub. L. 108–40, § 3(e)(2), substituted ‘‘2003’’ for ‘‘2002’’.
2002—Subsec. (a)(3)(H). Pub. L. 107–147, § 616, added
subpar. (H).
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 107–147, § 617(1), substituted
‘‘2001, and 2002’’ for ‘‘and 2001’’.
Subsec. (b)(3)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 107–147, § 617(2), sub-
stituted ‘‘2002’’ for ‘‘2001’’.
2000—Subsec. (a)(5)(A)(i). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1)
[title I, § 107(b)(1)], substituted ‘‘subparagraph (H)’’ for
‘‘subparagraph (I)’’ in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (a)(5)(A)(iv)(I)(aa). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1)
[title I, § 107(b)(2)(A)], substituted ‘‘(H)’’ for ‘‘(I)’’ and
‘‘and (G)’’ for ‘‘(G), and (H)’’.
Subsec. (a)(5)(A)(iv)(I)(bb). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1)
[title I, § 107(b)(2)(B)], substituted ‘‘subparagraph (E)’’
for ‘‘subparagraph (F)’’.
Subsec. (a)(5)(B)(v). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1) [title I,
§ 107(b)(3)], substituted ‘‘subparagraph (H)’’ for ‘‘sub-
paragraph (I) ’’ in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (a)(5)(B)(v)(I)(aa). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1)
[title I, § 107(b)(2)(A)], substituted ‘‘(H)’’ for ‘‘(I)’’ and
‘‘and (G)’’ for ‘‘(G), and (H)’’.
Subsec. (a)(5)(B)(v)(I)(bb). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1)
[title I, § 107(b)(2)(B)], substituted ‘‘subparagraph (E)’’
for ‘‘subparagraph (F)’’.
Subsec. (a)(5)(C)(viii). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1) [title I,
§ 103)], substituted ‘‘5 years’’ for ‘‘3 years’’.
Subsec. (a)(5)(E). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1) [title I,
§ 107(a), (b)(4)], redesignated subpar. (F) as (E), sub-
stituted ‘‘subparagraph (H)’’ for ‘‘subparagraph (I)’’,
and struck out former subpar. (E), which established a
set-aside for successful performance bonuses.
Subsec. (a)(5)(F). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1) [title I,
§ 107(a), (b)(4)], redesignated subpar. (G) as (F) and sub-
stituted ‘‘subparagraph (H)’’ for ‘‘subparagraph (I)’’.
Former subpar. (F) redesignated (E).
Pub. L. 106–246, § 2402(1), substituted ‘‘$15,000,000’’ for
‘‘$1,500,000’’.
Subsec. (a)(5)(G). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1) [title V,
§ 513], which directed the amendment of subpar. (H) by
substituting ‘‘2005’’ for ‘‘2001’’ in cl. (iii) and adding cl.
(iv), was executed by making amendments to subpar.
(G), to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the
redesignation of subpar. (H) as (G) by Pub. L. 106–554,
§ 1(a)(1) [title V, § 107(a)]. See below.
Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1) [title I, § 107(a), (b)(4)], redes-
ignated subpar. (H) as (G) and substituted ‘‘subpara-
graph (H)’’ for ‘‘subparagraph (I)’’ in cl. (i). Former sub-
par. (G) redesignated (F).
Pub. L. 106–246, § 2402(2), substituted ‘‘$9,000,000’’ for
‘‘$900,000’’.
Subsec. (a)(5)(H). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1) [title I,
§ 107(a), (c)], redesignated subpar. (I) as (H) and sub-
stituted ‘‘$1,400,000,000’’ for ‘‘$1,450,000,000’’ in cl. (i)(II).
Former subpar. (H) redesignated (G).
Pub. L. 106–246, § 2402(3), substituted ‘‘$3,000,000’’ for
‘‘$300,000’’ in cl. (i).
Subsec. (a)(5)(I) to (K). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1) [title
I, § 107(a)], redesignated subpars. (J) and (K) as (I) and
(J), respectively. Former subpar. (I) redesignated (H).
1999—Subsec.
(a)(5)(A)(ii)(I)(ff).
Pub.
L.
106–113,
§ 1000(a)(4) [title VIII, § 805(b)], added item (ff).
Subsec. (a)(5)(C)(i)(IV). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(4)
[title VIII, § 803], inserted before period at end ‘‘, or if
the entity is not a private industry council or work-
force investment board, the direct provision of such
services’’.
Subsec. (a)(5)(C)(i)(VII). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(4)
[title VIII, § 802], added subcl. (VII).
Subsec. (a)(5)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(4) [title
VIII, § 801(a)], amended heading and text of cl. (ii) gen-
erally, substituting provisions relating to general eligi-
bility for provisions relating to required beneficiaries.
Subsec. (a)(5)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(4) [title
VIII, § 801(b)(1)(B)], added cl. (iii). Former cl. (iii) redes-
ignated (iv).
Subsec. (a)(5)(C)(iv). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(4) [title
VIII, § 801(c)], inserted ‘‘hard to employ’’ before ‘‘indi-
viduals’’ in heading, substituted ‘‘clauses (ii) and (iii)
and, as appropriate, clause (v)’’ for ‘‘clause (ii)’’ before
period at end of concluding provisions, added subcls.
(II) to (IV), and struck out former subcl. (II) which read
as follows: ‘‘to individuals—
‘‘(aa) who are noncustodial parents of minors whose
custodial parent is such a recipient; and
‘‘(bb) who have such characteristics.’’
Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(4) [title VIII, § 801(b)(1)(A)],
redesignated cl. (iii) as (iv). Former cl. (iv) redesig-
nated (v).
Subsec. (a)(5)(C)(v) to (ix). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(4)
[title VIII, § 801(b)(1)(A)], redesignated cls. (iv) to (viii)
as (v) to (ix), respectively.
Subsec. (a)(5)(C)(x). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(4) [title
VIII, § 804(b)], added cl. (x).
Subsec. (a)(5)(E)(i). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(4) [title
VIII, § 806(c)], substituted ‘‘award’’ for ‘‘make’’ and in-
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TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 603
serted ‘‘, but shall not make any outlay to pay any
such grant before October 1, 2000’’ before period at end.
Subsec. (a)(5)(E)(iv)(I)(bb), (vi). Pub. L. 106–113,
§ 1000(a)(4) [title VIII, § 806(a)], substituted ‘‘$50,000,000’’
for ‘‘$100,000,000’’.
Subsec. (a)(5)(F). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(4) [title
VIII, § 806(b)(1)], inserted ‘‘$1,500,000’’ before ‘‘of the
amount so specified for fiscal year 1999’’.
Subsec. (a)(5)(G). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(4) [title
VIII, § 806(b)(2)], inserted ‘‘$900,000’’ before ‘‘of the
amount so specified for fiscal year 1999’’.
Subsec. (a)(5)(H)(i). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(4) [title
VIII, § 806(b)(3)], inserted ‘‘$300,000’’ before ‘‘of the
amount so specified for fiscal year 1999’’.
Subsec. (a)(5)(I)(i). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(4) [title
VIII, § 806(b)(4)], substituted ‘‘for grants under this
paragraph—’’ and subcls. (I) and (II) for ‘‘$1,500,000,000
for each of fiscal years 1998 and 1999 for grants under
this paragraph.’’
Subsec. (a)(5)(K). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(4) [title
VIII, § 805(a)(2)], added subpar. (K).
1998—Subsec. (a)(5)(A)(iv)(II). Pub. L. 105–306 sub-
stituted ‘‘, other than funds reserved by the State for
distribution under clause (vi)(III) and funds distributed
pursuant to clause (vi)(I) in any State in which the
service delivery area is the State’’ for ‘‘or sub-State en-
tity’’.
Subsec. (a)(5)(A)(vii)(I). Pub. L. 105–277, § 101(f) [title
VIII, § 405(f)(22)(A)], struck out ‘‘described in section
103(c) of the Job Training Partnership Act or’’ before
‘‘defined in section 101 of the Workforce’’.
Pub. L. 105–277, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(d)(30)(A)], sub-
stituted ‘‘(as described in section 103(c) of the Job
Training Partnership Act or defined in section 101 of
the Workforce Investment Act of 1998)’’ for ‘‘(as de-
scribed in section 103(c) of the Job Training Partner-
ship Act)’’.
Subsec. (a)(5)(A)(ix). Pub. L. 105–277, § 101(f) [title I,
§ 102], added cl. (ix).
Subsec. (a)(5)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 105–200, § 408(1), struck
out ‘‘of minors whose custodial parent is such a recipi-
ent’’ after ‘‘noncustodial parents’’ in introductory pro-
visions.
Subsec. (a)(5)(C)(ii)(I). Pub. L. 105–200, § 408(2), in-
serted ‘‘or the noncustodial parent’’ after ‘‘recipient’’
in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (a)(5)(C)(ii)(II). Pub. L. 105–200, § 408(3), sub-
stituted ‘‘The recipient or the minor children of the
noncustodial parent—’’ for ‘‘The individual—’’ in intro-
ductory provisions.
Subsec. (a)(5)(D)(ii). Pub. L. 105–277, § 101(f) [title VIII,
§ 405(f)(22)(B)(i)], struck out ‘‘the Job Training Partner-
ship Act or’’ before ‘‘title I of the Workforce Invest-
ment’’.
Pub. L. 105–277, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(d)(30)(B)(i)],
substituted ‘‘means, with respect to a service delivery
area, the private industry council or local workforce
investment board established for the service delivery
area pursuant to the Job Training Partnership Act or
title I of the Workforce Investment Area of 1998, as ap-
propriate’’ for ‘‘means, with respect to a service deliv-
ery area, the private industry council (or successor en-
tity) established for the service delivery area pursuant
to the Job Training Partnership Act’’.
Subsec. (a)(5)(D)(iii). Pub. L. 105–277, § 101(f) [title
VIII, § 405(f)(22)(B)(ii)], struck out before period at end
‘‘shall mean a local area as defined in section 101 of the
Workforce Investment Act of 1998, as appropriate’’.
Pub. L. 105–277, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(d)(30)(B)(ii)],
substituted ‘‘shall have the meaning given such term
for purposes of the Job Training Partnership Act or
shall mean a local area as defined in section 101 of the
Workforce Investment Act of 1998, as appropriate’’ for
‘‘shall have the meaning given such term (or the suc-
cessor to such term) for purposes of the Job Training
Partnership Act’’.
1997—Pub. L. 105–33, § 5514(c), made technical amend-
ment to directory language of Pub. L. 104–193,
§ 103(a)(1), which enacted this section.
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–33, § 5502(b)(1), inserted
‘‘ratio’’ after ‘‘illegitimacy’’ in heading.
Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105–33, § 5502(b)(2), struck
out ‘‘for which the State demonstrates a net decrease
in out-of-wedlock births’’ after ‘‘bonus year’’.
Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 105–33, § 5502(a)(1), amended
heading and text of subpar. (B) generally. Prior to
amendment, text read as follows:
‘‘(i) IF
5
ELIGIBLE STATES.—If there are 5 eligible
States for a bonus year, the amount of the grant shall
be $20,000,000.
‘‘(ii) IF FEWER THAN 5 ELIGIBLE STATES.—If there are
fewer than 5 eligible States for a bonus year, the
amount of the grant shall be $25,000,000.’’
Subsec.
(a)(2)(C)(i)(I)(aa).
Pub.
L.
105–33,
§ 5502(b)(3)(A)(i), substituted ‘‘illegitimacy ratio of the
State for’’ for ‘‘number of out-of-wedlock births that
occurred in the State during’’ and ‘‘illegitimacy ratio
of the State for’’ for ‘‘number of such births that oc-
curred during’’.
Pub. L. 105–33, § 5502(a)(2), inserted at end ‘‘In the case
of a State that is not a territory specified in subpara-
graph (B), the comparative magnitude of the decrease
for the State shall be determined without regard to the
magnitude of the corresponding decrease for any such
territory.’’
Subsec.
(a)(2)(C)(i)(I)(bb).
Pub.
L.
105–33,
§ 5502(c)(1)(A), substituted ‘‘the calendar year for which
the most recent data are available’’ for ‘‘the fiscal
year’’ and ‘‘calendar year 1995’’ for ‘‘fiscal year 1995’’.
Subsec. (a)(2)(C)(i)(II). Pub. L. 105–33, § 5502(c)(1)(B),
substituted ‘‘calendar’’ for ‘‘fiscal’’ wherever appearing.
Subsec.
(a)(2)(C)(i)(II)(aa).
Pub.
L.
105–33,
§ 5502(b)(3)(A)(ii), substituted ‘‘illegitimacy ratio of’’ for
‘‘number of out-of-wedlock births that occurred in’’ in
two places and ‘‘calculate the illegitimacy ratio’’ for
‘‘calculate the number of out-of-wedlock births’’.
Subsec. (a)(2)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 105–33, § 5502(c)(2), sub-
stituted ‘‘calendar years’’ for ‘‘fiscal years’’.
Subsec. (a)(2)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 105–33, § 5502(b)(3)(B),
added cl. (iii).
Subsec. (a)(3)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 105–33, § 5502(d), sub-
stituted ‘‘1998’’ for ‘‘1997’’ in heading.
Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 105–33, § 5001(a)(1), added par.
(5).
Subsec. (a)(5)(A)(i)(I), (ii)(II). Pub. L. 105–78 sub-
stituted ‘‘during the period permitted under subpara-
graph (C)(vii) of this paragraph for the expenditure of
funds under the grant’’ for ‘‘during the fiscal year’’.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 105–89, § 404(a), inserted
‘‘, reduced by the sum of the dollar amounts specified
in paragraph (6)(C)(ii)’’ before period.
Subsec. (b)(4), (5). Pub. L. 105–33, § 5502(e)(2), redesig-
nated pars. (5) and (6) as (4) and (5), respectively, and
struck out former par. (4) which required each State to
remit to the Secretary at the end of each fiscal year
certain excess amounts paid to the State under par. (3)
during the fiscal year.
Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 105–33, § 5502(e)(3), added par.
(6).
Pub. L. 105–33, § 5502(e)(2), redesignated par. (6) as (5).
Pub. L. 105–33, § 5502(e)(1), substituted ‘‘paragraph (4)’’
for ‘‘paragraph (5)’’ in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (b)(6)(C). Pub. L. 105–89, § 404(b), added subpar.
(C).
Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 105–33, § 5502(f), amended head-
ing and text of par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment,
text read as follows: ‘‘As used in this subsection:
‘‘(A) STATE.—The term ‘State’ means each of the 50
States of the United States and the District of Co-
lumbia.
‘‘(B) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the
Secretary of the Treasury.’’
1996—Subsec. (b)(4)(A)(i)(II). Pub. L. 104–327, § 1(b)(1),
struck out ‘‘minus any Federal payment with respect
to such child care expenditures’’ after ‘‘for fiscal year
1994’’.
Subsec. (b)(4)(A)(ii)(I). Pub. L. 104–327, § 1(b)(2), in-
serted ‘‘the sum of’’ before ‘‘the expenditures’’ and
‘‘, and any additional qualified State expenditures, as
defined in section 609(a)(7)(B)(i) of this title, for child
care assistance made under the Child Care and Develop-
ment Block Grant Act of 1990’’ before ‘‘; exceeds’’.
Page 2159
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 603
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2014 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 113–128 effective on the first
day of the first full program year after July 22, 2014
(July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113–128, set out
as an Effective Date note under section 3101 of Title 29,
Labor.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2012 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 112–96, title IV, § 4002(j), Feb. 22, 2012, 126 Stat.
195, provided that: ‘‘This section [amending this section
and sections 609, 612 to 614, 618, and 1308 of this title]
and the amendments made by this section shall take ef-
fect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 22,
2012].’’
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2009 AMENDMENT; SAVINGS
PROVISION
Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title II, § 2101(a)(2), Feb. 17, 2009,
123 Stat. 448, provided that: ‘‘Effective October 1, 2010,
subsection (c) of section 403 of the Social Security Act
(42 U.S.C. 603) (as added by paragraph (1)) is repealed,
except that paragraph (9) of such subsection shall re-
main in effect until October 1, 2011, but only with re-
spect to section 407(b)(3)(A)(i) of such Act [42 U.S.C.
607(b)(3)(A)(i)].’’
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2008 AMENDMENT
Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L.
110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the
date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as other-
wise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out
as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of Title 7,
Agriculture.
Amendment by section 4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (2)(V) of
Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2008, see section 4407 of
Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1161 of
Title 2, The Congress.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2006 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 109–171, title VII, § 7701, Feb. 8, 2006, 120 Stat.
155, provided that: ‘‘Except as otherwise provided in
this title [amending this section and sections 607, 608,
609, 611, 618, 622, 629f, 629h, 652, 653, 654, 655, 657, 664, 666,
671 to 673, 674, 1383, and 1383b of this title and section
6402 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, repealing sec-
tion 1675c of Title 19, Customs Duties, enacting provi-
sions set out as notes under sections 607, 608, 652, 654,
655, 657, 664, 666, and 1383 of this title and section 1675c
of Title 19, and amending provisions set out as a note
under section 1169 of Title 29, Labor], this title and the
amendments made by this title shall take effect as if
enacted on October 1, 2005.’’
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2003 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 108–40, § 8, June 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 838, provided
that: ‘‘The amendments made by this Act [amending
this section and sections 606, 609, 612, 614, 618, 710, 1308,
1320a–9, 1396a, and 1396r–6 of this title] shall take effect
on July 1, 2003.’’
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1) [title I, § 107(d)], Dec. 21, 2000,
114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–12, provided that: ‘‘The amend-
ments made by subsections (a), (b), and (c) of this sec-
tion [amending this section and section 612 of this title]
shall take effect on October 1, 2000.’’
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1999 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(4) [title VIII, § 801(e)],
Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–283, provided that:
‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this
section and sections 604 and 612 of this title]—
‘‘(1) shall be effective January 1, 2000, with respect
to the determination of eligible individuals for pur-
poses of section 403(a)(5)(B) of the Social Security Act
[42 U.S.C. 603(a)(5)(B)] (relating to competitive
grants);
‘‘(2) shall be effective July 1, 2000, except that ex-
penditures from allotments to the States shall not be
made before October 1, 2000—
‘‘(A) with respect to the determination of eligible
individuals for purposes of section 403(a)(5)(A) of
the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 603(a)(5)(A)] (re-
lating to formula grants) in the case of those indi-
viduals who may be determined to be so eligible,
but would not have been eligible before July 1, 2000;
or
‘‘(B) for allowable activities described in section
403(a)(5)(C)(i)(VII) of the Social Security Act [42
U.S.C. 603(a)(5)(C)(i)(VII)] (as added by section 802 of
this title) provided to any individuals determined
to be eligible for purposes of section 403(a)(5)(A) of
the Social Security Act (relating to formula
grants).’’
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1998 AMENDMENTS
Pub. L. 105–306, § 6(b), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2928, pro-
vided that: ‘‘The amendment made by subsection (a)
[amending this section] shall take effect as if included
in the enactment of section 5001 of the Balanced Budget
Act of 1997 [Pub. L. 105–33].’’
Amendment by section 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(d)(30)] of
Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 21, 1998, and amendment
by section 101(f) [title VIII, § 405(f)(22)] of Pub. L. 105–277
effective July 1, 2000, see section 101(f) [title VIII,
§ 405(g)(1), (2)(B)] of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note
under section 3502 of Title 5, Government Organization
and Employees.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1997 AMENDMENTS
Amendment by Pub. L. 105–89 effective Nov. 19, 1997,
except as otherwise provided, with delay permitted if
State legislation is required, see section 501 of Pub. L.
105–89, set out as a note under section 622 of this title.
Amendment by section 5502 of Pub. L. 105–33 effective
as if included in section 103(a) of the Personal Responsi-
bility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996,
Pub. L. 104–193, at the time such section 103(a) became
law, see section 5518(a) of Pub. L. 105–33, set out as a
note under section 602 of this title.
Amendment by section 5514(c) of Pub. L. 105–33 effec-
tive as if included in the provision of Pub. L. 104–193
amended at the time the provision became law, see sec-
tion 5518(d) of Pub. L. 105–33, set out as a note under
section 862a of Title 21, Food and Drugs.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 104–327, § 1(d), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 4003, pro-
vided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section
[amending this section and provisions set out as a note
under section 601 of this title] shall take effect as if in-
cluded in the provisions of and the amendments made
by the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity
Reconciliation Act of 1996 [Pub. L. 104–193].’’
EFFECTIVE DATE
Subsec. (a)(1)(C), (D) of this section effective Oct. 1,
1996, and remainder of this section effective July 1,
1997, with transition rules relating to State options to
accelerate such date, rules relating to claims, actions,
and proceedings commenced before such date, rules re-
lating to closing out of accounts for terminated or sub-
stantially modified programs and continuance in office
of Assistant Secretary for Family Support, and provi-
sions relating to termination of entitlement under
AFDC program, see section 116 of Pub. L. 104–193, as
amended, set out as a note under section 601 of this
title.
REGULATIONS
Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(4) [title VIII, § 801(f)],
Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–284, provided that:
‘‘Interim final regulations shall be prescribed to imple-
ment the amendments made by this section [amending
this section and sections 604 and 612 of this title] not
later than January 1, 2000. Final regulations shall be
Page 2160
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 603a
1 See References in Text note below.
prescribed within 90 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1999] to implement the
amendments made by this Act to section 403(a)(5) of the
Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 603(a)(5)], in the same
manner as described in section 403(a)(5)(C)(ix) of the So-
cial Security Act (as so redesignated by subsection
(b)(1)(A) of this section).’’
§ 603a. Transferred
Editorial Notes
CODIFICATION
Section, Pub. L. 94–566, title V, § 508(b), Oct. 20, 1976,
90 Stat. 2689; Pub. L. 104–193, title I, § 110(a), Aug. 22,
1996, 110 Stat. 2171, which related to reimbursement to
State employment offices for expenses incurred for fur-
nishing information requested of such offices by State
or local agency administering this part, was trans-
ferred to section 655a of this title.
§ 604. Use of grants
(a) General rules
Subject to this part, a State to which a grant
is made under section 603 of this title may use
the grant—
(1) in any manner that is reasonably cal-
culated to accomplish the purpose of this part,
including to provide low income households
with assistance in meeting home heating and
cooling costs; or
(2) in any manner that the State was author-
ized to use amounts received under part A or
F, as such parts were in effect on September
30, 1995, or (at the option of the State) August
21, 1996.
(b) Limitation on use of grant for administrative
purposes
(1) Limitation
A State to which a grant is made under sec-
tion 603 of this title shall not expend more
than 15 percent of the grant for administrative
purposes.
(2) Exception
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the use of a
grant for information technology and comput-
erization needed for tracking or monitoring
required by or under this part.
(c) Authority to treat interstate immigrants
under rules of former State
A State operating a program funded under this
part may apply to a family the rules (including
benefit amounts) of the program funded under
this part of another State if the family has
moved to the State from the other State and has
resided in the State for less than 12 months.
(d) Authority to use portion of grant for other
purposes
(1) In general
Subject to paragraph (2), a State may use
not more than 30 percent of the amount of any
grant made to the State under section 603(a) of
this title for a fiscal year to carry out a State
program pursuant to any or all of the fol-
lowing provisions of law:
(A) Division A of subchapter XX of this
chapter.
(B) The Child Care and Development Block
Grant Act of 1990 [42 U.S.C. 9857 et seq.].
(2) Limitation on amount transferable to divi-
sion A 1 of subchapter XX programs
(A) In general
A State may use not more than the appli-
cable percent of the amount of any grant
made to the State under section 603(a) of
this title for a fiscal year to carry out State
programs pursuant to division A 1 of sub-
chapter XX.
(B) Applicable percent
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the ap-
plicable percent is 4.25 percent in the case of
fiscal year 2001 and each succeeding fiscal
year.
(3) Applicable rules
(A) In general
Except as provided in subparagraph (B) of
this paragraph, any amount paid to a State
under this part that is used to carry out a
State program pursuant to a provision of
law specified in paragraph (1) shall not be
subject to the requirements of this part, but
shall be subject to the requirements that
apply to Federal funds provided directly
under the provision of law to carry out the
program, and the expenditure of any amount
so used shall not be considered to be an ex-
penditure under this part.
(B) Exception relating to division A 1 of sub-
chapter XX programs
All amounts paid to a State under this
part that are used to carry out State pro-
grams pursuant to division A 1 of subchapter
XX shall be used only for programs and serv-
ices to children or their families whose in-
come is less than 200 percent of the income
official poverty line (as defined by the Office
of Management and Budget, and revised an-
nually in accordance with section 9902(2) of
this title) applicable to a family of the size
involved.
(e) Authority to carry over certain amounts for
benefits or services or for future contin-
gencies
A State or tribe may use a grant made to the
State or tribe under this part for any fiscal year
to provide, without fiscal year limitation, any
benefit or service that may be provided under
the State or tribal program funded under this
part.
(f) Authority to operate employment placement
program
A State to which a grant is made under sec-
tion 603 of this title may use the grant to make
payments (or provide job placement vouchers) to
State-approved public and private job placement
agencies that provide employment placement
services to individuals who receive assistance
under the State program funded under this part.
(g) Implementation of electronic benefit transfer
system
A State to which a grant is made under sec-
tion 603 of this title is encouraged to implement
an electronic benefit transfer system for pro-
Cross-references
Connections may be documented source relationships, shared citations or nearby passages. Each explains its basis; a connection alone does not establish applicability to your situation.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Workforce Investment Act of 1998 references** Except as otherwise specified, a reference in a Federal law to a provision of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 ([29 U.S.C. 2801](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section2801&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) shall be deemed to refer to the corresponding provision of this Act.
**(b) Wagner-Peyser Act references** Except as otherwise specified, a reference in a Federal law to a provision of the Wagner-Peyser Act ([29 U.S.C. 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section49&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) shall be deemed to refer to the corresponding provision of such Act, as amended by this Act.
**(c) Disability-related references** Except as otherwise specified, a reference in a Federal law to a provision of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 ([29 U.S.C. 701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) shall be deemed to refer to the corresponding provision of such Act, as amended by this Act.
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 29 U.S.C. § 3102. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 3102. Definitions
In this Act, and the core program provisions
that are not in this Act, except as otherwise ex-
pressly provided:
(1) Administrative costs
The term ‘‘administrative costs’’ means ex-
penditures incurred by State boards and local
boards, direct recipients (including State
grant recipients under part B of subchapter I
and recipients of awards under parts C and D
of subchapter I), local grant recipients, local
fiscal agents or local grant subrecipients, and
one-stop operators in the performance of ad-
ministrative functions and in carrying out ac-
tivities under subchapter I that are not re-
lated to the direct provision of workforce in-
vestment services (including services to par-
ticipants and employers). Such costs include
both personnel and nonpersonnel costs and
both direct and indirect costs.
(2) Adult
Except as otherwise specified in section 3172
of this title, the term ‘‘adult’’ means an indi-
vidual who is age 18 or older.
(3) Adult education; adult education and lit-
eracy activities
The terms ‘‘adult education’’ and ‘‘adult
education and literacy activities’’ have the
meanings given the terms in section 3272 of
this title.
(4) Area career and technical education school
The term ‘‘area career and technical edu-
cation school’’ has the meaning given the
term in section 2302 of title 20.
(5) Basic skills deficient
The term ‘‘basic skills deficient’’ means,
with respect to an individual—
(A) who is a youth, that the individual has
English
reading,
writing,
or
computing
skills at or below the 8th grade level on a
generally accepted standardized test; or
(B) who is a youth or adult, that the indi-
vidual is unable to compute or solve prob-
lems, or read, write, or speak English, at a
level necessary to function o
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 29 U.S.C. § 3102. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The purposes of this Act are the following:
(1) To increase, for individuals in the United States, particularly those individuals with barriers to employment, access to and opportunities for the employment, education, training, and support services they need to succeed in the labor market.
(2) To support the alignment of workforce investment, education, and economic development systems in support of a comprehensive, accessible, and high-quality workforce development system in the United States.
(3) To improve the quality and labor market relevance of workforce investment, education, and economic development efforts to provide America’s workers with the skills and credentials necessary to secure and advance in employment with family-sustaining wages and to provide America’s employers with the skilled workers the employers need to succeed in a global economy.
(4) To promote improvement in the structure of and delivery of services through the United States workforce development system to better address the employment and skill needs of workers, jobseekers, and employers.
(5) To increase the prosperity of workers and employers in the United States, the economic growth of communities, regions, and States, and the global competitiveness of the United States.
(6) For purposes of parts A and B of subchapter I, to provide workforce investment activities, through statewide and local workforce development systems, that increase the employment, retention, and earnings of participants, and increase attainment of recognized postsecondary credentials by participants, and as a result, improve the quality of the workforce, reduce welfare dependency, increase economic self-sufficiency, meet the skill requirements of employers, and enhance the productivity and competitiveness of the
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 29 U.S.C. § 3111. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 3111. State workforce development boards
(a) In general
The Governor of a State shall establish a
State workforce development board to carry out
the functions described in subsection (d).
(b) Membership
(1) In general
The State board shall include—
(A) the Governor;
(B) a member of each chamber of the State
legislature (to the extent consistent with
State law), appointed by the appropriate
presiding officers of such chamber; and
(C) members appointed by the Governor, of
which—
(i) a majority shall be representatives of
businesses in the State, who—
(I) are owners of businesses, chief ex-
ecutives or operating officers of busi-
nesses, or other business executives or
employers with optimum policymaking
or hiring authority, and who, in addi-
tion, may be members of a local board
described in section 3122(b)(2)(A)(i) of
this title;
(II) represent businesses (including
small businesses), or organizations rep-
resenting businesses described in this
subclause, that provide employment op-
portunities that, at a minimum, include
high-quality, work-relevant training and
development in in-demand industry sec-
tors or occupations in the State; and
(III) are appointed from among individ-
uals nominated by State business organi-
zations and business trade associations;
(ii) not less than 20 percent shall be rep-
resentatives of the workforce within the
State, who—
(I) shall include representatives of
labor organizations, who have been nom-
inated by State labor federations;
(II) shall include a representative, who
shall be a member of a labor organiza-
tion or a training director, from a joint
labor-management apprenticeship pro-
gram, or if no such joint program exists
in the State, such a representative of an
apprenticeship program in the State;
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 29 U.S.C. § 3111. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
#### Codification
Sections 1401 to 1404 were omitted in the general revision of the United States Housing Act of 1937 by Pub. L. 93–383, title II, § 201(a), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 653.
Section 1401, acts Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 896, § 1, 50 Stat. 888; July 15, 1949, 338, title III, § 307(a), 63 Stat. 429; Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–372, title V, § 501, 73 Stat. 679; Aug. 1, 1968, Pub. L. 90–448, title II, § 206(a), 82 Stat. 504; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–609, title II, § 211, 84 Stat. 1779, set out declaration of policy. See [section 1437 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1437&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 1402, acts, Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 896, § 2, 50 Stat. 888; July 15, 1949, ch. 338, title III, §§ 302(b), 304(c), (i), 306, 307(b), 63 Stat. 424, 425, 429; Oct. 26, 1951, ch. 577, § 1, 65 Stat. 647; June 30, 1953, 170, § 24(c), 67 Stat. 128; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1029, title IV, § 404(a), 70 Stat. 1104; July 12, 1957, Pub. L. 85–104, title III, § 307, title IV, § 401(a), 71 Stat. 301; Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–372, title V, §§ 502, 503(a), 504, 73 Stat. 680; June 30, 1961, Pub. L. 87–70, title II, § 202, 75 Stat. 163; Sept. 2, 1964, Pub. L. 88–560, title II, § 203(d), title IV, § 401(a), 78 Stat. 784, 794; Aug. 10, 1965, Pub. L. 89–117, title I, §§ 103(b), 104, 79 Stat. 457; Aug. 1, 1968, Pub. L. 90–448, title II, § 209(a), 82 Stat. 505; Dec. 24, 1969, Pub. L. 91–152, title II, § 213(a), title IV, § 403(a), 83 Stat. 389, 395; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–609, title II, § 208(a), title IX, § 903(c), 84 Stat. 1778, 1808; Dec. 22, 1971, Pub. L. 92–213, § 9, 85 Stat. 776, defined applicable terms. See [section 1437a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 42 U.S.C. § 1437. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 1437. Declaration of policy and public housing
agency organization
(a) Declaration of policy
It is the policy of the United States—
(1) to promote the general welfare of the Na-
tion by employing the funds and credit of the
Nation, as provided in this chapter—
(A) to assist States and political subdivi-
sions of States to remedy the unsafe housing
conditions and the acute shortage of decent
and safe dwellings for low-income families;
(B) to assist States and political subdivi-
sions of States to address the shortage of
housing affordable to low-income families;
and
(C) consistent with the objectives of this
subchapter, to vest in public housing agen-
Page 4527
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 1437
1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘(i)’’.
cies
that
perform
well,
the
maximum
amount of responsibility and flexibility in
program administration, with appropriate
accountability to public housing residents,
localities, and the general public;
(2) that the Federal Government cannot
through its direct action alone provide for the
housing of every American citizen, or even a
majority of its citizens, but it is the responsi-
bility of the Government to promote and pro-
tect the independent and collective actions of
private
citizens
to
develop
housing
and
strengthen their own neighborhoods;
(3) that the Federal Government should act
where there is a serious need that private citi-
zens or groups cannot or are not addressing re-
sponsibly; and
(4) that our Nation should promote the goal
of providing decent and affordable housing for
all citizens through the efforts and encourage-
ment of Federal, State, and local govern-
ments, and by the independent and collective
actions of private citizens, organizations, and
the private secto
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 42 U.S.C. § 1437. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** As used in this part, the term “eligible State” means, with respect to a fiscal year, a State that, during the 27-month period ending with the close of the 1st quarter of the fiscal year, has submitted to the Secretary a plan that the Secretary has found includes the following:
(1) **Outline of family assistance program**
(A) *General provisions* — A written document that outlines how the State intends to do the following:
(i) Conduct a program, designed to serve all political subdivisions in the State (not necessarily in a uniform manner), that provides assistance to needy families with (or expecting) children and provides parents with job preparation, work, and support services to enable them to leave the program and become self-sufficient.
(ii) Require a parent or caretaker receiving assistance under the program to engage in work (as defined by the State) once the State determines the parent or caretaker is ready to engage in work, or once the parent or caretaker has received assistance under the program for 24 months (whether or not consecutive), whichever is earlier, consistent with [section 607(e)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section607/e/2&num=0&edition=prelim).
(iii) Ensure that parents and caretakers receiving assistance under the program engage in work activities in accordance with [section 607 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section607&num=0&edition=prelim).
(iv) Take such reasonable steps as the State deems necessary to restrict the use and disclosure of information about individuals and families receiving assistance under the program attributable to funds provided by the Federal Government.
(v) Establi
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 42 U.S.C. § 602. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 602. Eligible States; State plan
(a) In general
As used in this part, the term ‘‘eligible State’’
means, with respect to a fiscal year, a State
that, during the 27-month period ending with
the close of the 1st quarter of the fiscal year,
has submitted to the Secretary a plan that the
Secretary has found includes the following:
(1) Outline of family assistance program
(A) General provisions
A written document that outlines how the
State intends to do the following:
(i) Conduct a program, designed to serve
all political subdivisions in the State (not
necessarily in a uniform manner), that
provides assistance to needy families with
(or expecting) children and provides par-
ents with job preparation, work, and sup-
port services to enable them to leave the
program and become self-sufficient.
(ii) Require a parent or caretaker receiv-
ing assistance under the program to en-
gage in work (as defined by the State) once
the State determines the parent or care-
taker is ready to engage in work, or once
the parent or caretaker has received as-
sistance under the program for 24 months
(whether or not consecutive), whichever is
earlier, consistent with section 607(e)(2) of
this title.
(iii) Ensure that parents and caretakers
receiving assistance under the program en-
gage in work activities in accordance with
section 607 of this title.
(iv) Take such reasonable steps as the
State deems necessary to restrict the use
and disclosure of information about indi-
viduals and families receiving assistance
under the program attributable to funds
provided by the Federal Government.
(v) Establish goals and take action to
prevent and reduce the incidence of out-of-
Page 2138
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 602
1 See References in Text note below.
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 42 U.S.C. § 602. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Grants**
(1) **Family assistance grant**
(A) *In general* — Each eligible State shall be entitled to receive from the Secretary, for each of fiscal years 2017 and 2018, a grant in an amount equal to the State family assistance grant.
(B) *State family assistance grant* — The State family assistance grant payable to a State for a fiscal year shall be the amount that bears the same ratio to the amount specified in subparagraph (C) of this paragraph (as in effect just before February 22, 2012), reduced by the percentage specified in [section 613(h)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section613/h/1&num=0&edition=prelim) with respect to the fiscal year, as the amount required to be paid to the State under this paragraph (as so in effect) for fiscal year 2002 (determined without regard to any reduction pursuant to section 609 or 612(a)(1) of this title) bears to the total amount required to be paid under this paragraph for fiscal year 2002 (as so determined).
(C) *Appropriation* — Out of any money in the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated, there are appropriated for each of fiscal years 2017 and 2018 $16,566,542,000 for grants under this paragraph.
(2) **Healthy marriage promotion and responsible fatherhood grants**
(A) *In general*
(i) *Use of funds* — Subject to subparagraphs (B), (C), and (E), the Secretary may use the funds made available under subparagraph (D) for the purpose of conducting and supporting research and demonstration projects by public or private entities, and providing technical assistance to States, Indian tribes and tribal organizations, and such other entities as the Secretary may specify that are receiving a grant under another provision of this part.
It is declared to be the policy of Congress, in order to promote the general welfare, to safeguard the health and well-being of the Nation’s population by raising levels of nutrition among low-income households. Congress finds that the limited food purchasing power of low-income households contributes to hunger and malnutrition among members of such households. Congress further finds that increased utilization of food in establishing and maintaining adequate national levels of nutrition will promote the distribution in a beneficial manner of the Nation’s agricultural abundance and will strengthen the Nation’s agricultural economy, as well as result in more orderly marketing and distribution of foods. To alleviate such hunger and malnutrition, a supplemental nutrition assistance program is herein authorized which will permit low-income households to obtain a more nutritious diet through normal channels of trade by increasing food purchasing power for all eligible households who apply for participation.
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 7 U.S.C. § 2011. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.