22 U.S.C. § 2551 — Congressional statement of purpose

Page 1021 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2551 (8) For the purposes of this chapter or any other Act, the period of any individual’s serv- ice as a volunteer under this chapter shall in- clude— (i) except for the purposes of section 2504(f) 1 of this title, any period of training under section 2507(a) of this title prior to en- rollment as a volunteer under this chapter; and (ii) the period between enrollment as a vol- unteer and the termination of service as such volunteer by the President or by death or resignation. (Pub. L. 87–293, title I, § 26, formerly § 25, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 624; Pub. L. 89–572, § 4, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 765; Pub. L. 91–352, § 8, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 465; renumbered § 26, Pub. L. 99–83, title XI, § 1105(a)(1), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 276; Pub. L. 115–256, title III, § 306, Oct. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 3659.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in introductory provisions and par. (8), was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 87–293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under sec- tion 2501 of this title and Tables. Section 2504(m) of this title, referred to in par. (5), was redesignated section 2504(n) by Pub. L. 115–256, title I, § 101(a)(1)(B), Oct. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 3651. Section 2504(f) of this title, referred to in par. (8)(i), was redesignated section 2504(g) by Pub. L. 115–256, title I, § 101(a)(1)(B), Oct. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 3651. PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 26 of Pub. L. 87–293 was renumbered section 27 and is classified to section 2523 of this title. AMENDMENTS 2018—Pub. L. 115–256 inserted introductory provisions, redesignated subsecs. (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), and (g) as pars. (1), (6), (2), (3), (8), (7), and (5), respectively, so as to appear in numerical order, realigned margins, and added par. (4) defining ‘‘medical officer’’ after par. (3). 1970—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 91–352 inserted reference to section 2504(m) of this title. 1966—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–572 struck out territories from definition of ‘‘United States’’. § 2523. Separability If any provision of this chapter or the applica- tion of any provision to any circumstances or persons shall be held invalid, the validity of the remainder of this chapter and the applicability of such provision to other circumstances or per- sons shall not be affected thereby. (Pub. L. 87–293, title I, § 27, formerly § 26, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 625; renumbered § 27, Pub. L. 99–83, title XI, § 1105(a)(1), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 276.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 87–293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title and Tables. PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 27 of Pub. L. 87–293 was renumbered section 28 and is set out as an Effective Date note under section 2501 of this title. CHAPTER 35—ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec. 2551. Congressional statement of purpose. 2552. Definitions. SUBCHAPTER II—SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVES AND VISITING SCHOLARS 2561 to 2566. Repealed. 2567. Presidential Special Representatives. 2568. Program for visiting scholars. SUBCHAPTER III—FUNCTIONS 2571. Research, development and other studies. 2572. Patents; availability to general public; pro- tection of background rights. 2573. Policy formulation. 2574. Negotiation management. 2575. Repealed. 2576. Arms control information. 2577. Verification of compliance. 2577a. Arms control verification. 2578. Negotiating records. 2579. Omitted. SUBCHAPTER IV—ADDITIONAL GENERAL PROVISIONS 2581. General authority of Secretary of State. 2582, 2583. Repealed. 2584. Dual compensation exemption. 2585 to 2593. Repealed. 2593a. Annual report to Congress. 2593b. Repealed. 2593c, 2593d. Repealed. 2593e. Measures against persons involved in activi- ties that violate arms control treaties or agreements with the United States. SUBCHAPTER V—ON-SITE INSPECTION ACTIVITIES 2595. Findings. 2595a. Policy coordination concerning implementa- tion of on-site inspection provisions. 2595b. Repealed. 2595b–1. Review of certain reprogramming notifica- tions. 2595c. Definitions. 2595d. Annual report on comprehensive nuclear-test- ban treaty sensors. SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL PROVISIONS § 2551. Congressional statement of purpose An ultimate goal of the United States is a world which is free from the scourge of war and the dangers and burdens of armaments; in which the use of force has been subordinated to the rule of law; and in which international adjust- ments to a changing world are achieved peace- fully. It is the purpose of this chapter to provide impetus toward this goal by addressing the prob- lem of reduction and control of armaments look- ing toward ultimate world disarmament. The Secretary of State must have the capacity to provide the essential scientific, economic, po- litical, military, psychological, and techno- logical information upon which realistic arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament pol- icy must be based. The Secretary shall have the authority, under the direction of the President, to carry out the following primary functions: (1) The preparation for and management of United States participation in international negotiations and implementation fora in the Page 1022 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2551 arms control, nonproliferation, and disar- mament field. (2) The conduct, support, and coordination of research for arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament policy formulation. (3) The preparation for, operation of, or di- rection of, United States participation in such control systems as may become part of United States arms control, nonproliferation, and dis- armament activities. (4) The dissemination and coordination of public information concerning arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament. (Pub. L. 87–297, title I, § 102, formerly § 2, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 631; Pub. L. 94–141, title I, § 144, Nov. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 758; Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §§ 703, 719(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 491, 501; renumbered § 102 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, § 1223(1), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–768, 2681–772.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1998—Pub. L. 105–277, § 1223(1)(A), in first undesignated par., substituted ‘‘addressing’’ for ‘‘creating a new agency of peace to deal with’’. Pub. L. 105–277, § 1223(1)(B), struck out second undes- ignated par. which read as follows: ‘‘Arms control, non- proliferation, and disarmament policy, being an impor- tant aspect of foreign policy, must be consistent with national security policy as a whole. The formulation and implementation of United States arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament policy in a manner which will promote the national security can best be insured by a central organization charged by statute with primary responsibility for this field. This organi- zation must have such a position within the Govern- ment that it can provide the President, the Secretary of State, other officials of the executive branch, and the Congress with recommendations concerning United States arms control, nonproliferation, and disar- mament policy, and can assess the effect of these rec- ommendations upon our foreign policies, our national security policies, and our economy.’’ Pub. L. 105–277, § 1223(1)(C), in last undesignated par., in introductory provisions, substituted ‘‘The Secretary of State’’ for ‘‘This organization’’, substituted ‘‘The Secretary shall have’’ for ‘‘It shall have’’, and struck out ‘‘and the Secretary of State’’ after ‘‘the President’’, in subpar. (1) inserted ‘‘, nonproliferation,’’ after ‘‘arms control’’, redesignated subpar. (3) as (2) and struck out former subpar. (2) which read as follows: ‘‘When di- rected by the President, the preparation for, and man- agement of, United States participation in inter- national negotiations and implementation fora in the nonproliferation field.’’, redesignated subpar. (4) as (3) and struck out ‘‘, as appropriate,’’ before ‘‘direction of’’, and redesignated subpar. (5) as (4). 1994—Pub. L. 103–236, § 719(a), inserted ‘‘, nonproliferation,’’ after ‘‘Arms control’’ in second undesignated par. and after ‘‘arms control’’ wherever appearing in second and third undesignated pars. Pub. L. 103–236, § 703, substituted subpars. (1) to (5) for former subpars. (a) to (d) which read as follows: ‘‘(a) The conduct, support, and coordination of re- search for arms control and disarmament policy formu- lation; ‘‘(b) The preparation for and management of United States participation in international negotiations in the arms control and disarmament field; ‘‘(c) The dissemination and coordination of public in- formation concerning arms control and disarmament; and ‘‘(d) The preparation for, operation of, or as appro- priate, direction of United States participation in such control systems as may become part of United States arms control and disarmament activities.’’ 1975—Pub. L. 94–141 substituted ‘‘It shall have the au- thority, under the direction of the President and the Secretary of State,’’ for ‘‘It must be able’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1998 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effec- tive Date note under section 6511 of this title. SHORT TITLE OF 2017 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title XII, § 1241, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1671, provided that: ‘‘This subtitle [subtitle E (§§ 1241–1246) of title XII of div. A of Pub. L. 115–91, en- acting provisions set out as a note under section 2593a of this title] may be cited as the ‘Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty Preservation Act of 2017’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1999 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(7) [div. B, title XI, § 1101], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–485, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting sections 2652c and 2797b–2 of this title and section 1526 of Title 50, War and National Defense, amending sections 2577, 2593a, 2797b, 2797b–1, 2797c, and 3282 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2593a, 2652c, 3282, 5601, 5853, and 6723 of this title and section 7704 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 2155 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Arms Control and Nonproliferation Act of 1999’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1994 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, § 701(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 491, provided that: ‘‘This part [part A (§§ 701–719) of title VII of Pub. L. 103–236, enacting sections 2578 and 2593a to 2593d of this title, amending this section, sec- tions 2562, 2565 to 2568, 2571, 2573 to 2577, 2579, 2581, 2585, 2591, 2593, 2791, 2797, and 2797b of this title, section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and section 2139a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing sections 2578, 2589, 2590, and 2592 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, and repealing provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the ‘Arms Control and Nonproliferation Act of 1994’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1989 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 101–216, § 1, Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1853, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 2577a and 2595 to 2595c of this title, amending sections 2563, 2567, 2588, and 2589 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2565 and 2567 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Arms Control and Disarmament Amend- ments Act of 1989’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1987 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 100–213, § 1, Dec. 24, 1987, 101 Stat. 1444, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 2578, 2579, and 2593 of this title, amending sections 2589 and 2592 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2578 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Arms Control and Disarmament Amendments Act of 1987’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1982 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 97–339, § 1, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1635, provided: ‘‘That this Act [amending sections 2571, 2585, and 2589 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Arms Control and Disar- mament Amendments Act of 1982’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1977 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 95–108, § 1, Aug. 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 871, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 2567 and 2577 of this title and amending sections 2571, 2581, and 2589 of this title and section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organiza- tion and Employees] may be cited as the ‘Arms Control and Disarmament Act Amendments of 1977’.’’ Page 1023 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2551 SHORT TITLE Pub. L. 87–297, title I, § 101, formerly § 1, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 631, as renumbered § 101 by Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, § 1223(21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–772, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting this chap- ter] may be cited as the ‘Arms Control and Disar- mament Act’.’’ INTERNATIONAL ARMS SALES CODE OF CONDUCT Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(7) [div. B, title XII, subtitle F], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–508, pro- vided that: ‘‘SEC. 1261. SHORT TITLE. ‘‘This subtitle may be cited as the ‘International Arms Sales Code of Conduct Act of 1999’. ‘‘SEC. 1262. INTERNATIONAL ARMS SALES CODE OF CONDUCT. ‘‘(a) NEGOTIATIONS.—The President shall attempt to achieve the foreign policy goal of an international arms sales code of conduct. The President shall take the necessary steps to begin negotiations within appro- priate international fora not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1999]. The purpose of these negotiations shall be to establish an international regime to promote global trans- parency with respect to arms transfers, including par- ticipation by countries in the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, and to limit, restrict, or pro- hibit arms transfers to countries that do not observe certain fundamental values of human liberty, peace, and international stability. ‘‘(b) CRITERIA.—The President shall consider the fol- lowing criteria in the negotiations referred to in sub- section (a): ‘‘(1) PROMOTES DEMOCRACY.—The government of the country— ‘‘(A) was chosen by and permits free and fair elec- tions; ‘‘(B) promotes civilian control of the military and security forces and has civilian institutions con- trolling the policy, operation, and spending of all law enforcement and security institutions, as well as the armed forces; ‘‘(C) promotes the rule of law and provides its na- tionals the same rights that they would be afforded under the United States Constitution if they were United States citizens; and ‘‘(D) promotes the strengthening of political, leg- islative, and civil institutions of democracy, as well as autonomous institutions to monitor the conduct of public officials and to combat corruption. ‘‘(2) RESPECTS HUMAN RIGHTS.—The government of the country— ‘‘(A) does not persistently engage in gross viola- tions of internationally recognized human rights, including— ‘‘(i) extrajudicial or arbitrary executions; ‘‘(ii) disappearances; ‘‘(iii) torture or severe mistreatment; ‘‘(iv) prolonged arbitrary imprisonment; ‘‘(v) systematic official discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, gender, national origin, or political affiliation; and ‘‘(vi) grave breaches of international laws of war or equivalent violations of the laws of war in internal armed conflicts; ‘‘(B) vigorously investigates, disciplines, and prosecutes those responsible for gross violations of internationally recognized human rights; ‘‘(C) permits access on a regular basis to political prisoners by international humanitarian organiza- tions; ‘‘(D) promotes the independence of the judiciary and other official bodies that oversee the protection of human rights; ‘‘(E) does not impede the free functioning of do- mestic and international human rights organiza- tions; and ‘‘(F) provides access on a regular basis to humani- tarian organizations in situations of conflict or famine. ‘‘(3) NOT ENGAGED IN CERTAIN ACTS OF ARMED AG- GRESSION.—The government of the country is not en- gaged in acts of armed aggression in violation of international law. ‘‘(4) NOT SUPPORTING TERRORISM.—The government of the country does not provide support for inter- national terrorism. ‘‘(5) NOT CONTRIBUTING TO PROLIFERATION OF WEAP- ONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION.—The government of the country does not contribute to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. ‘‘(6) REGIONAL LOCATION OF COUNTRY.—The country is not located in a region in which arms transfers would exacerbate regional arms races or inter- national tensions that present a danger to inter- national peace and stability. ‘‘(c) REPORTS TO CONGRESS.— ‘‘(1) REPORT RELATING TO NEGOTIATIONS.—Not later than 6 months after the commencement of the nego- tiations under subsection (a), and not later than the end of every 6-month period thereafter until an agree- ment described in subsection (a) is concluded, the President shall report to the Committee on Inter- national Relations [now Committee on Foreign Af- fairs] of the House of Representatives and the Com- mittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate on the progress made during these negotiations. ‘‘(2) HUMAN RIGHTS REPORTS.—In the report required in sections 116(d) and 502B(b) of the Foreign Assist- ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151n(b) and 2304(b)), the Secretary of State shall describe the extent to which the practices of each country evaluated meet the cri- teria in paragraphs (1)(A) and (2) of subsection (a).’’ CONGRESSIONAL DECLARATIONS; PURPOSES OF 1994 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, § 702, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 491, stated congressional declarations and purposes of amendments by part A of title VII of Pub. L. 103–236 (see Short Title of 1994 Amendment note above) to strengthen United States Arms Control and Disar- mament Agency, and to improve congressional over- sight of arms control, nonproliferation, and disar- mament activities of United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and of Agency’s operating budg- et. REPORT ON REVITALIZATION OF ACDA Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, § 717(b), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 500, provided that not later than Dec. 31, 1995, Di- rector of United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency was to submit to Congress a detailed report de- scribing actions undertaken to revitalize United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. SOVIET WEAPONS DESTRUCTION Pub. L. 102–228, title II, Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1693, as amended by Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XIV, § 1421(a)(2), (3), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2565; Pub. L. 103–236, title I, § 139(17), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XII, § 1204, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 470; Pub. L. 110–53, title XVIII, § 1811(1), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 492; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XIII, § 1304(a)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XIII, § 1351(1), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3606, provided that: ‘‘PART A—SHORT TITLE ‘‘SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE. ‘‘This title may be cited as the ‘Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991’.’’ Page 1024 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2552 ‘‘PART B—FINDINGS AND PROGRAM AUTHORITY ‘‘[SEC. 211. Repealed. Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XIII, § 1304(a)(1)(A), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 412.] ‘‘[SEC. 212. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XIII, § 1351(1), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3606.] ‘‘PART C—ADMINISTRATIVE AND FUNDING AUTHORITIES ‘‘[SECS. 221, 222. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XIII, § 1351(1), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3606.] ‘‘SEC. 223. DIRE EMERGENCY SUPPLEMENTAL AP- PROPRIATIONS. ‘‘It is the sense of the Senate that the committee of conference on House Joint Resolution 157 [enacted into law as Pub. L. 102–229] should consider providing the necessary authority in the conference agreement for the President to transfer funds pursuant to this title. ‘‘PART D—REPORTING REQUIREMENTS ‘‘[SEC. 231. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XIII, § 1351(1), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3606.]’’ REPORT ON FULFILLMENT OF PRIMARY FUNCTIONS Pub. L. 102–228, title IV, § 401(c), Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1699, directed Inspector General of Arms Control and Disarmament Agency to submit, not later than Dec. 15, 1992, to President, Speaker of House of Representatives, and chairman of Committee on Foreign Relations of Senate a report on Agency’s fulfillment of primary functions described in section 2551 of this title and di- rected President to submit comments on any rec- ommendations contained in the report dealing with ex- ecutive branch organization and direction, prior to re- peal by Pub. L. 103–236, title I, § 139(18), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 398. CONVENTIONAL ARMS TRADE Pub. L. 93–559, § 51, Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1817, as amended by Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, § 734(a)(8), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1560, provided that: ‘‘(a) It is the sense of the Congress that the recent growth in international transfers of conventional arms to developing nations— ‘‘(1) is a cause for grave concern for the United States and other nations in that in particular areas of the world it increases the danger of potential vio- lence among nations, and diverts scarce world re- sources from more peaceful uses; and ‘‘(2) could be controlled progressively through nego- tiations and agreements among supplier and recipi- ent nations. ‘‘(b) Therefore, the President is urged to propose to the Geneva Conference of the Committee on Disar- mament that it consider as a high priority agenda item discussions among participating nations of that Con- ference for the purposes of— ‘‘(1) agreeing to workable limitations on conven- tional arms transfers; and ‘‘(2) establishing a mechanism through which such limitations could be effectively monitored. ‘‘(c) [Repealed. Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, § 734(a)(8), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1560.]’’ Executive Documents EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 12946 Ex. Ord. No. 12946, Jan. 20, 1995, 60 F.R. 4829, which es- tablished within Department of Defense the President’s Advisory Board on Arms Proliferation Policy, was re- voked by Ex. Ord. No. 13062, § 3(c), Sept. 29, 1997, 62 F.R. 51756, formerly set out as a note under section 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. § 2552. Definitions As used in this chapter— (a) The terms ‘‘arms control’’ and ‘‘disar- mament’’ mean the identification, verification, inspection, limitation, control, reduction, or elimination, of armed forces and armaments of all kinds under international agreement including the necessary steps taken under such an agreement to establish an effec- tive system of international control, or to cre- ate and strengthen international organiza- tions for the maintenance of peace. (b) The term ‘‘Government agency’’ means any executive department, commission, agen- cy, independent establishment, corporation wholly or partly owned by the United States which is an instrumentality of the United States, or any board, bureau, division, service, office, officer, authority, administration, or other establishment in the executive branch of Government. (Pub. L. 87–297, title I, § 103, formerly § 3, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 631; renumbered § 103 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, § 1223(2), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–769, 2681–772.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1998—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1223(2), struck out subsec. (c) which read as follows: ‘‘The term ‘Agency’ means the United States Arms Control and Disar- mament Agency.’’ Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1998 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effec- tive Date note under section 6511 of this title. SUBCHAPTER II—SPECIAL REPRESENTA- TIVES AND VISITING SCHOLARS §§ 2561 to 2566. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, § 1222, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–768 Section 2561, Pub. L. 87–297, title II, § 21, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 632, related to establishment of United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. Section 2562, Pub. L. 87–297, title II, § 22, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 632; Pub. L. 88–426, title III, § 305(17)(A), Aug. 14, 1964, 78 Stat. 424; Pub. L. 94–141, title I, § 145, Nov. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 758; Pub. L. 96–66, § 1(a), Sept. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 414; Pub. L. 98–202, § 2, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1381; Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, § 705, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 492, related to appointment and duties of Director. Section 2563, Pub. L. 87–297, title II, § 23, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 632; Pub. L. 88–426, title III, § 305(17)(B), Aug. 14, 1964, 78 Stat. 424; Pub. L. 96–66, § 1(b), Sept. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 414; Pub. L. 101–216, title I, § 102, Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1853, related to appointment and powers and du- ties of Deputy Director. Section 2564, Pub. L. 87–297, title II, § 24, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 632; Pub. L. 88–426, title III, § 305(17)(C), Aug. 14, 1964, 78 Stat. 424, related to number, appointment, and powers and duties of Assistant Directors. Section 2565, Pub. L. 87–297, title II, § 25, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 632; Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, § 706, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 492, related to establishment of bureaus, of- fices, and divisions within Agency. Section 2566, Pub. L. 87–297, title II, § 26, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 632; Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, § 707, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 493, related to appointment, function, and term of Scientific and Policy Advisory Committee.