22 U.S.C. § 2504 — Peace Corps volunteers

Page 993 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2504 F.R. 29023, eff. May 16, 1979, set out as a note under sec- tion 2501 of this title. § 2504. Peace Corps volunteers (a) Persons eligible; terms and conditions of service; Federal employee status; racial, sex, religious, or color discrimination The President may enroll in the Peace Corps for service abroad qualified citizens and nation- als of the United States (referred to in this chapter as ‘‘volunteers’’). The terms and condi- tions of the enrollment, training (including training under section 2507a of this title), com- pensation, hours of work, benefits, leave, termi- nation, and all other terms and conditions of the service of volunteers shall be exclusively those set forth in this chapter and those consistent therewith which the President may prescribe; and, except as provided in this chapter, volun- teers shall not be deemed officers or employees or otherwise in the service or employment of, or holding office under, the United States for any purpose. In carrying out this subsection, there shall be no discrimination against any person on account of race, sex, creed, or color. (b) Living allowances, travel, leave and related items; transfers of supplies and equipment Volunteers shall be provided with such living, travel, and leave allowances, and such housing, transportation, supplies, equipment, subsist- ence, and clothing as the President may deter- mine to be necessary for their maintenance and to insure their health and their capacity to serve effectively. Supplies or equipment pro- vided volunteers to insure their capacity to serve effectively may be transferred to the gov- ernment or to other entities of the country or area with which they have been serving, when no longer necessary for such purpose, and when such transfers would further the purposes of this chapter. Transportation and travel allowances may also be provided, in such circumstances as the President may determine, for applicants for enrollment to or from places of training and places of enrollment, and for former volunteers from places of termination to their homes in the United States. (c) Readjustment allowances Volunteers shall be entitled to receive a read- justment allowance at a rate not less than $125 for each month of satisfactory service as deter- mined by the President. The readjustment al- lowance of each volunteer shall be payable on his return to the United States: Provided, how- ever, That, under such circumstances as the President may determine, the accrued readjust- ment allowance, or any part thereof, may be paid to the volunteer, members of his family or others, during the period of his service, or prior to his return to the United States. In the event of the volunteer’s death during the period of his service, the amount of any unpaid readjustment allowance shall be paid in accordance with the provisions of section 5582(b) of title 5. For pur- poses of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, a vol- unteer shall be deemed to be paid and to receive each amount of a readjustment allowance to which he is entitled after December 31, 1964, when such amount is transferred from funds made available under this chapter to the fund from which such readjustment allowance is pay- able. (d) Repealed. Pub. L. 89–554, § 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 661 (e) Health care Volunteers shall receive such health care (in- cluding, if necessary, for volunteers and train- ees, services under section 2507b of this title) during their service, applicants for enrollment shall receive such health examinations pre- paratory to their service, applicants for enroll- ment who have accepted an invitation to begin a period of training under section 2507(a) of this title shall receive, preparatory to their service, such immunization, dental care, and informa- tion on prescription options and potential inter- actions, as necessary and appropriate and in ac- cordance with subsection (f), and former volun- teers shall receive such health examinations within six months after termination of their service, including services provided in accord- ance with section 2507b of this title (except that the six-month limitation shall not apply in the case of such services), as the President may deem necessary or appropriate. Subject to such conditions as the President may prescribe, such health care may be provided in any facility of any agency of the United States Government, and in such cases the appropriation for main- taining and operating such facility shall be re- imbursed from appropriations available under this chapter. Health care may not be provided under this subsection in a manner inconsistent with the Assisted Suicide Funding Restriction Act of 1997 [42 U.S.C. 14401 et seq.]. (f) Prescription of medications The Director of the Peace Corps shall consult with health experts outside the Peace Corps, in- cluding experts licensed in the field of mental health, and follow guidance by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention regarding the prescription of medications to a volunteer. (g) Retirement and other credits based upon length of service (1) Any period of satisfactory service of a vol- unteer under this chapter shall be credited in connection with subsequent employment in the same manner as a like period of civilian employ- ment by the United States Government— (A) for the purposes of section 816(a) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 4056(a)] and every other Act establishing a retirement system for civilian employees of any United States Government agency; and (B) except as otherwise determined by the President, for the purposes of determining se- niority, reduction in force, and layoff rights, leave entitlement, and other rights and privi- leges based upon length of service under the laws administered by the Office of Personnel Management, the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.], and every other Act es- tablishing or governing terms and conditions of service of civilian employees of the United States Government: Provided, That service of a volunteer shall not be credited toward comple- tion of any probationary or trial period or Page 994 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2504 1 See References in Text note below. completion of any service requirement for ca- reer appointment. (2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection, volunteers and volunteer leaders shall be deemed to be receiving compensation during their service at the respective rates of re- adjustment allowances payable under subsection (c) and section 2505(1) of this title. (h) Assignment to other entities The President may detail or assign volunteers or otherwise make them available to any entity referred to in paragraph (1) of section 2509(a) of this title on such terms and conditions as he may determine: Provided, That not to exceed two hundred volunteers may be assigned to carry out secretarial or clerical duties on the staffs of the Peace Corps representatives abroad: Provided, however, That any volunteer so de- tailed or assigned shall continue to be entitled to the allowances, benefits and privileges of vol- unteers authorized under or pursuant to this chapter. (i) Tort claims; absentee voting; general average contributions for transportation of baggage; check cashing and currency exchange; claims for overpayment of pay; passport fees Volunteers shall be deemed employees of the United States Government for the purposes of the Federal Tort Claims Act and any other Fed- eral tort liability statute, section 3342 of title 31, section 5732 and section 5584 of title 5 (and re- adjustment allowances paid under this chapter shall be considered as pay for purposes of such section), and section 214 of this title. (j) Termination of service The service of a volunteer may be terminated at any time at the pleasure of the President. (k) Oath of office Upon enrollment in the Peace Corps, every volunteer shall take the oath prescribed for per- sons appointed to any office of honor or profit by section 3331 of title 5. (l) Counseling programs for returned volunteers In order to assure that the skills and experi- ence which former volunteers have derived from their training and their service abroad are best utilized in the national interest, the President may, in cooperation with agencies of the United States, private employers, educational institu- tions and other entities of the United States, undertake programs under which volunteers would be counseled with respect to opportuni- ties for further education and employment. (m) Legal expenses of defendant in judicial or administrative proceedings Notwithstanding any other provision of law, counsel may be employed and counsel fees, court costs, bail, and other expenses incident to the defense of volunteers may be paid in foreign ju- dicial or administrative proceedings to which volunteers have been made parties and counsel may be employed and counsel fees, court costs and other expenses may be paid in the support of volunteers who are parties, complaining wit- nesses, or otherwise participating in the pros- ecution of crimes committed against such vol- unteers. (n) Allowances and expenses of minor children The minor children of a volunteer living with the volunteer may receive— (1) such living, travel, education, and leave allowances, such housing, transportation, sub- sistence, and essential special items of cloth- ing as the President may determine; (2) such health care, including health care following the volunteer’s service for illness or injury incurred during such service, and health and accident insurance, as the Presi- dent may determine and upon such terms as he may determine, including health care in any facility referred to in subsection (e) of this section, subject to such conditions as the President may prescribe and subject to reim- bursement of appropriations as provided in such subsection (e); (3) such orientation, language, and other training necessary to accomplish the purposes of this chapter as the President may deter- mine; and (4) the benefits of subsection (l) 1 of this sec- tion on the same basis as volunteers. (o) Moving expenses The costs of packing and unpacking, trans- porting to and from a place of storage, and stor- ing the furniture and household and personal ef- fects of a volunteer who has one or more minor children at the time of his entering a period of pre-enrollment training may be paid from the date of his departure from his place of residence to enter training until no later than three months after termination of his service. (p) Independent review of volunteer death (1) Not later than 10 days after receiving noti- fication of the death of a volunteer, the Presi- dent shall provide a briefing to the Inspector General of the Peace Corps that includes— (A)(i) the available facts and circumstances surrounding the death of the volunteer, in- cluding a preliminary timeline of the events immediately preceding the death of the volun- teer, subsequent actions taken by the Peace Corps, and any information available to the Peace Corps reflecting on the cause or root cause of the death of the volunteer; and (ii) a description of any steps the Peace Corps plans to take to inquire further into the cause or root cause of the death of the volun- teer, including the anticipated date of the completion of such inquiry; or (B) an explanation of why the Peace Corps has determined that no further inquiry into the cause or root cause of the death of the vol- unteer is necessary, including— (i) a description of the steps the Peace Corps took to determine further inquiry was not necessary; and (ii) the basis for such determination. (2) If the Peace Corps has performed or en- gaged another entity to perform a root cause analysis or similar report that describes the cause or root cause of a volunteer death, the President shall provide the Inspector General of the Peace Corps with— (A) a copy of all information provided to such entity at the time such information is Page 995 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2504 provided to such entity or used by the Peace Corps to perform the analysis; (B) a copy of any report or study received from the entity or used by the Peace Corps to perform the analysis; and (C) any supporting documentation upon which the Peace Corps or such entity relied to make its determination, including the volun- teer’s complete medical record, as soon as such information is available to the Peace Corps. (3) If a volunteer dies, the Peace Corps shall take reasonable measures, in accordance with local laws, to preserve any information or mate- rial, in any medium or format, that may be rel- evant to determining the cause or root cause of the death of the volunteer, including personal effects, medication, and other tangible items be- longing to the volunteer, as long as such meas- ures do not interfere with the legal procedures of the host country if the government of the host country is exercising jurisdiction over the investigation of such death. The Inspector Gen- eral of the Peace Corps shall be provided an op- portunity to inspect such items before their final disposition. (4) Consistent with the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.),1 the Inspector General of the Peace Corps may independently review the facts and circumstances surrounding the death of a volunteer and the actions taken by the Peace Corps in responding to such incident. (5) For the purposes of undertaking a review under this section, an officer or employee of the United States or a member of the Armed Forces may be detailed to the Inspector General of the Peace Corps from another department of the United States Government on a nonreimburs- able basis, as jointly agreed to by the Inspector General and the detailing department, for a pe- riod not to exceed 1 year. This paragraph may not be construed to limit or modify any other source of authority for reimbursable or non- reimbursable details. A nonreimbursable detail made under this section may not be considered an augmentation of the appropriations of the Peace Corps. (6) Upon request, the Peace Corps may make available necessary funds to the Inspector Gen- eral of the Peace Corps for reviews conducted by the Inspector General under this section. The re- quest shall be limited to costs relating to hiring, procuring, or otherwise obtaining medical-re- lated experts or expert services, and associated travel. (7) The undertaking of a review under this sec- tion may not be considered a transfer of pro- gram operating responsibilities to the Inspector General of the Peace Corps. (Pub. L. 87–293, title I, § 5, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 613; Pub. L. 88–200, § 2, Dec. 13, 1963, 77 Stat. 359; Pub. L. 89–134, § 2, Aug. 24, 1965, 79 Stat. 549; Pub. L. 89–554, § 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 661, 662; Pub. L. 89–572, § 2(a), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 765; Pub. L. 91–99, § 2, Oct. 29, 1969, 83 Stat. 166; Pub. L. 91–352, § 3, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 464; Pub. L. 94–130, §§ 4, 6, Nov. 14, 1975, 89 Stat. 684; Pub. L. 95–331, § 4, Aug. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 414; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, § 2202(a), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2157; Pub. L. 97–113, title VI, §§ 604(b), 606, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1543; Pub. L. 99–83, title XI, § 1105(b), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 276; Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 105–12, § 9(j), Apr. 30, 1997, 111 Stat. 27; Pub. L. 106–30, § 2(b)(1)–(3), May 21, 1999, 113 Stat. 55; Pub. L. 112–57, §§ 3, 8(a)(1), (b), Nov. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 744, 745; Pub. L. 115–256, title I, § 101(a)(1), title III, § 301, Oct. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 3651, 3655.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a), (e) to (i), and (n), was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 87–293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title and Tables. The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in sub- sec. (c), is classified generally to Title 26, Internal Rev- enue Code. The Assisted Suicide Funding Restriction Act of 1997, referred to in subsec. (e), is Pub. L. 105–12, Apr. 30, 1997, 111 Stat. 23, which is classified principally to chapter 138 (§ 14401 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 14401 of Title 42 and Tables. The Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (g)(1), is Pub. L. 96–465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071, which is classified principally to chapter 52 (§ 3901 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of this title and Tables. The Federal Tort Claims Act, referred to in subsec. (i), is title IV of act Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 60 Stat. 842, which was classified principally to chapter 20 (§§ 921, 922, 931–934, 941–946) of former Title 28, Judicial Code and Judiciary. Title IV of act Aug. 2, 1946, was substan- tially repealed and reenacted as sections 1346(b) and 2671 et seq. of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Proce- dure, by act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 992, the first section of which enacted Title 28. The Federal Tort Claims Act is also commonly used to refer to chapter 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. For complete classification of title IV to the Code, see Ta- bles. For distribution of former sections of Title 28 into the revised Title 28, see Table at the beginning of Title 28. Subsection (l) of this section, referred to in subsec. (n)(4), was redesignated as subsec. (m) by Pub. L. 115–256, title I, § 101(a)(1)(B), Oct. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 3651. The Inspector General Act of 1978, referred to in sub- sec. (p)(4), is Pub. L. 95–452, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1101, which was set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Govern- ment Organization and Employees, and was substan- tially repealed and restated in chapter 4 (§ 401 et seq.) of Title 5 by Pub. L. 117–286, §§ 3(b), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4206, 4361. For disposition of sections of the Act into chapter 4 of Title 5, see Disposition Table pre- ceding section 101 of Title 5. AMENDMENTS 2018—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–256, § 101(a)(1)(A), sub- stituted ‘‘receive, preparatory to their service, such im- munization, dental care, and information on prescrip- tion options and potential interactions, as necessary and appropriate and in accordance with subsection (f)’’ for ‘‘receive such immunization and dental care pre- paratory to their service’’. Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 115–256, § 101(a)(1)(B), (C), added subsec. (f) and redesignated former subsec. (f) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (h). Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 115–256, § 101(a)(1)(B), redesignated subsec. (g) as (h). Former subsec. (h) redesignated (i). Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 115–256, § 101(a)(1)(D), which di- rected substitution of ‘‘section), and’’ for ‘‘section, and’’ could not be executed because ‘‘section, and’’ did not appear in text. Page 996 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2504 Pub. L. 115–256, § 101(a)(1)(B), redesignated subsec. (h) as (i). Former subsec. (i) redesignated (j). Subsecs. (j) to (o). Pub. L. 115–256, § 101(a)(1)(B), redes- ignated subsecs. (i) to (n) as (j) to (o), respectively. Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 115–256, § 301, added subsec. (p). 2011—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–57, § 8(a)(1), inserted ‘‘(including training under section 2507a of this title)’’ after ‘‘training’’. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 112–57, § 8(b), in first sentence, in- serted ‘‘(including, if necessary, for volunteers and trainees, services under section 2507b of this title)’’ after ‘‘health care’’ and ‘‘including services provided in accordance with section 2507b of this title (except that the six-month limitation shall not apply in the case of such services),’’ before ‘‘as the President’’. Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 112–57, § 3, inserted ‘‘and counsel may be employed and counsel fees, court costs and other expenses may be paid in the support of volunteers who are parties, complaining witnesses, or otherwise participating in the prosecution of crimes committed against such volunteers’’ before period at end. 1999—Subsec. (f)(1)(B). Pub. L. 106–30, § 2(b)(1), sub- stituted ‘‘Office of Personnel Management’’ for ‘‘Civil Service Commission’’. Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 106–30, § 2(b)(2), substituted ‘‘sec- tion 3342 of title 31, section 5732 and’’ for ‘‘the Federal Voting Assistance Act of 1955 (5 U.S.C. 2171 et seq.), the Act of June 4, 1954, chapter 264, section 4 (5 U.S.C. 73b–5), the Act of December 23, 1944, chapter 716, section 1, as amended (31 U.S.C. 492a),’’. Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 106–30, § 2(b)(3), substituted ‘‘sec- tion 3331 of title 5.’’ for ‘‘section 1757 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, as amended (5 U.S.C. 16), and shall swear (or affirm) that he does not advocate the overthrow of our constitutional form of govern- ment in the United States, and that he is not a member of an organization that advocates the overthrow of our constitutional form of government in the United States, knowing that such organization so advocates.’’ 1997—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–12 inserted at end ‘‘Health care may not be provided under this subsection in a manner inconsistent with the Assisted Suicide Funding Restriction Act of 1997.’’ 1986—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted ‘‘Internal Revenue Code of 1986’’ for ‘‘Internal Revenue Code of 1954’’. 1985—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–83 in amending last sen- tence generally, struck out provisions prohibiting po- litical tests. 1981—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–113, § 606, substituted ‘‘not less than $125’’ for ‘‘not to exceed $125’’. Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 97–113, § 604(b), struck out provi- sion making section 2702 of this title, relating to mal- practice protection, applicable to volunteers and vest- ing the President with the authority reposed in the Secretary of State in section 2702(f) of this title, and deeming a Peace Corps representative to be a principal representative of the United States for purposes of sec- tion 2702(g) of this title. See section 2509(i) and (j) of this title. 1980—Subsec. (f)(1)(A). Pub. L. 96–465, § 2202(a)(1)(A), substituted ‘‘section 816(a) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980’’ for ‘‘section 852(a)(1) of the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended (22 U.S.C. 1092(a)(1)),’’. Subsec. (f)(1)(B). Pub. L. 96–465, § 2202(a)(1)(B), sub- stituted ‘‘Foreign Service Act of 1980’’ for ‘‘Foreign Service Act of 1946’’. Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 96–465, § 2202(a)(2), substituted ‘‘section 2702 of this title’’ for ‘‘section 817 of this title’’ and ‘‘President’’ for ‘‘Director of ACTION’’. 1978—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–331, § 4(1), struck out pro- visions relating to allowances for volunteers with minor children at the time of their entering a period of pre-enrollment training. Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–331, § 4(2), inserted provisions relating to applicability of malpractice protection. 1975—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–130, § 4, prohibited dis- crimination against any person on account of sex. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–130, § 6, substituted $125 for $75 in initial clause of first sentence. 1970—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–352, § 3(a), inserted excep- tion that in case of volunteers having one or more chil- dren at time of entering a period of pre-enrollment training, one parent would be entitled to receive a re- adjustment allowance not exceeding $125 for each month of satisfactory service as determined by the President, and substituted ‘‘section 5582(b) of title 5’’ for ‘‘section 61f of title 5’’. Subsecs. (m), (n). Pub. L. 91–352, § 3(b), added subsecs. (m) and (n). 1969—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 91–99 inserted provision that for purposes of section 5584 of title 5 (and readjustment allowances made thereto) volunteers are to be deemed employees of the United States Government. 1966—Subsec. (d). Repealed by Pub. L. 89–554, and now covered by section 8142 of Title 5, Government Organi- zation and Employees. Subsec. (f). Repealed, as applicable to the Civil Serv- ice Retirement Act, as amended, by Pub. L. 89–554, and now covered by section 8332(b) of Title 5. Subsec. (h). Repealed, as applicable to act June 4, 1954, chapter 264, section 5 (5 U.S.C. 73b-5), by Pub. L. 89–554, and now covered by section 5732 of Title 5. Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 89–572 added subsec. (l). 1965—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 89–134, § 2(a), provided that, for purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, a vol- unteer is deemed to be paid and to receive readjust- ment allowance to which he is entitled after December 31, 1964, when the amount is transferred from funds made available under this chapter to the fund from which the readjustment allowance is paid. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 89–134, § 2(b), extended health care provisions to include health examinations for appli- cants for enrollment preparatory to their service, im- munization and dental care for applicants who have ac- cepted an invitation to begin a period of training under section 2507(a) of this title, and health examinations to former volunteers within six months after termination of their service. Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 89–134, § 2(c), authorized an in- crease from 100 to 200 in the number of volunteer secre- taries and clerical workers permitted to serve on the staffs of Peace Corps representatives abroad. Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 89–134, § 2(d), extended check cashing and currency exchange transaction privileges of government employees to Peace Corps volunteers. 1963—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–200, § 2(a), inserted provi- sion for transfer of supplies and equipment. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 88–200, § 2(b), substituted ‘‘a read- justment allowance’’ for ‘‘termination payments’’ in first sentence, the second sentence reading ‘‘The read- justment allowance of each volunteer shall be payable on his return to the United States: Provided, however, That, under such circumstances as the President may determine, the accrued readjustment allowance, or any part thereof, may be paid to the volunteer, members of his family or others, during the period of his service, or prior to his return to the United States’’ for ‘‘The ter- mination payment of each volunteer shall be payable at the termination of his service, or may be paid during the course of his service to the volunteer, to members of his family or to others, under such circumstances as the President may determine’’ and ‘‘readjustment al- lowance’’ for ‘‘termination payment’’ in third sentence. Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 88–200, § 2(c), substituted ‘‘read- justment allowances’’ for ‘‘termination payments.’’ Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 88–200, § 2(d), provided for assign- ment of volunteers to duties on staffs of Peace Corps representatives abroad. Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 88–200, § 2(e), provided that volun- teers shall be deemed employees of the U.S. Govern- ment for the purposes of absentee voting assistance and payment of general average contributions for transpor- tation of baggage. Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 88–200, § 2(f), added subsec. (k). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1997 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 105–12 effective Apr. 30, 1997, and applicable to Federal payments made pursuant to Page 997 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2504 obligations incurred after Apr. 30, 1997, for items and services provided on or after such date, subject to also being applicable with respect to contracts entered into, renewed, or extended after Apr. 30, 1997, as well as con- tracts entered into before Apr. 30, 1997, to the extent permitted under such contracts, see section 11 of Pub. L. 105–12, set out as an Effective Date note under sec- tion 14401 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1985 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 99–83 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99–83, set out as a note under sec- tion 2151–1 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1980 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title. IMPLEMENTATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS BY THE INSPECTOR GENERAL OF THE PEACE CORPS Pub. L. 115–256, title I, § 101(b), Oct. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 3652, provided that: ‘‘(1) INSPECTOR GENERAL REPORT.—As promptly as practicable, the Director [of the Peace Corps] shall im- plement the actions outlined in the agency response for all open recommendations of the Inspector General of the Peace Corps set forth in the report entitled ‘Final Program Evaluation Report: OIG Follow-up Evaluation of Issues Identified in the 2010 Peace Corps/Morocco As- sessment of Medical Care’ (Report No. IG–16–01–E). ‘‘(2) SEMIANNUAL REPORTS.— ‘‘(A) INITIAL REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 9, 2018], the Director shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that describes the Direc- tor’s strategy for implementing the recommenda- tions referred to in paragraph (1). ‘‘(B) SUBSEQUENT REPORTS.—Not later than 180 days after the submission of the report required under sub- paragraph (A), and semiannually thereafter, the Di- rector shall submit a report to the appropriate con- gressional committees that describes the progress in implementing the recommendations referred to in paragraph (1) until all such recommendations have been implemented in accordance with the agency’s response to the report referred to in such paragraph. ‘‘(3) NOTIFICATION.—After the submission of each re- port required under paragraph (2), the Inspector Gen- eral of the Peace Corps may notify the appropriate con- gressional committees of any recommendations from the report referred to in paragraph (1) that the Inspec- tor General determines remain unresolved.’’ [For definition of ‘‘appropriate congressional com- mittees’’ as used in section 101(b) of Pub. L. 115–256, set out above, see section 2 of Pub. L. 115–256, set out as a note below.] EVALUATION OF HEALTH-CARE SERVICES PROVIDED TO PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEERS Pub. L. 102–565, § 3, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4266, pro- vided that: ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Peace Corps shall contract with an eligible organization or organi- zations to conduct before January 1, 1997, a total of three evaluations of the health-care needs of the Peace Corps volunteers and the adequacy of the system through which the Peace Corps provides health-care services in meeting those needs. ‘‘(b) REQUIREMENTS OF THE EVALUATIONS.—Each eval- uation shall include an assessment of the adequacy of the Peace Corps health-care system— ‘‘(1) to provide diagnostic, treatment, and referral services to meet the health-care needs of Peace Corps volunteers, and ‘‘(2) to conduct health examinations of applicants for enrollment as Peace Corps volunteers and to pro- vide immunization and dental care preparatory to service of applicants for enrollment who have accept- ed an invitation to begin a period of training for serv- ice as a Peace Corps volunteer. ‘‘(c) REPORTS TO THE PEACE CORPS.—An organization making an evaluation under this section shall submit to the Director of the Peace Corps a report containing its findings and recommendations not later than May 31, 1993, December 31, 1994, and December 31, 1996, as the case may be. Each report shall include recommenda- tions regarding appropriate standards and procedures for ensuring the furnishing of quality medical care and for measuring the quality of care provided to Peace Corps volunteers. ‘‘(d) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 90 days after receipt of a report required by subsection (c), the Director of the Peace Corps shall transmit the report, together with the Director’s comments, to the appro- priate congressional committees. ‘‘(e) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section— ‘‘(1) the term ‘appropriate congressional commit- tees’ means the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and ‘‘(2) the term ‘eligible organization’ means an inde- pendent health-care accreditation organization or other independent organization with expertise in evaluating health-care systems similar to that of the Peace Corps.’’ LEGAL EXPENSES INCURRED PRIOR TO SEPT. 13, 1966 Pub. L. 89–572, § 2(b), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 765, pro- vided that: ‘‘The authority contained in subsection (a) [adding subsec. (l) to this section] shall extend to coun- sels fees, costs, and other expenses of the types speci- fied therein that were incurred prior to the date of en- actment of this Act [Sept. 13, 1966].’’ DEFINITIONS Pub. L. 115–256, § 2, Oct. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 3650, provided that: ‘‘In this Act [see Short Title of 2018 Amendment note set out as a note under section 2501 of this title]: ‘‘(1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—The term ‘appropriate congressional committees’ means— ‘‘(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; ‘‘(B) the Committee on Appropriations of the Sen- ate; ‘‘(C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and ‘‘(D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives. ‘‘(2) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘Director’ means the Di- rector of the Peace Corps. ‘‘(3) PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEER.—The term ‘Peace Corps volunteer’ means an individual described in section 5(a) of the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2504(a)).’’ Executive Documents DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS Functions of President under this section, except those under subsec. (f)(1)(B), delegated to Director of Peace Corps, with function of prescribing conditions in subsec. (e) to be exercised in consultation with head of agency responsible for facility, by sections 1–103, 1–106, and 1–301(c) of Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, eff. May 16, 1979, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title. EX. ORD. NO. 11103. APPOINTMENT OF FORMER VOLUNTEERS TO CIVILIAN CAREER SERVICES Ex. Ord. No. 11103, Apr. 10, 1963, 28 F.R. 3571, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, provided: By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Civil Service Act (22 Stat. 403) [see, generally, section 1101 et Page 998 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2504a seq. of Title 5, Government Organization and Employ- ers], and section 1753 of the Revised Statutes [section 3301 of Title 5], and as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows: SECTION 1. Under such regulations as the Office of Personnel Management may prescribe, the head of any agency in the Executive Branch may appoint in the competitive service any person who is certified by the Director of the Peace Corps as having served satisfac- torily as a Volunteer or Volunteer Leader under the Peace Corps Act [see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title] and who passes such examina- tion as the Office of Personnel Management may pre- scribe. Any person so appointed shall, upon completion of the prescribed probationary period, acquire a com- petitive status. SEC. 2. The head of any agency in the Executive Branch having an established merit system in the ex- cepted service may appoint in such service any person who is certified by the Director of the Peace Corps as having served satisfactorily as a Volunteer or Volun- teer Leader under the Peace Corps Act [see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title] and who passes such examination as such agency head may pre- scribe. SEC. 3. Certificates of satisfactory service for the pur- poses of this order shall be issued only to persons who have completed a full term of service (approximately two years) under the Peace Corps Act [see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title]: Provided, That such certificates may be issued to persons who have completed a lesser period of satisfactory service if, in the judgment of the Director of the Peace Corps, (1) their service was of sufficient duration to dem- onstrate their capability to complete satisfactorily a full term, and (2) their failure to complete a full term was due to circumstances beyond their control. SEC. 4. Any appointment under this order shall be ef- fected within a period of one year after completion of the appointee’s service under the Peace Corps Act [see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title]: Provided, That such period may be extended to not more than three years in the case of persons who, following such service, are engaged in military service, in the pursuit of studies at a recognized institution of higher learning, or in other activities which, in the view of the appointing authority, warrant an extension of such period. SEC. 5. Any law, Executive Order, or regulation which would disqualify an applicant for appointment in the competitive service or in the excepted service con- cerned shall also disqualify an applicant for appoint- ment under this order. § 2504a. Health care for volunteers at Peace Corps posts (a) In general The President shall ensure that each overseas post has the services of a medical office that is consistent in size and scope with the needs of the Peace Corps at such post, including, if nec- essary, by detailing to any such post the li- censed medical staff of other United States de- partments, agencies, or establishments. (b) Hiring criteria In selecting medical officers and support staff for overseas Peace Corps posts, the Director of the Peace Corps shall hire well-qualified and ca- pable personnel to support the effectiveness of health care for Peace Corps volunteers by evalu- ating each candidate’s— (1) medical training, experience, and accredi- tations or other qualifications; (2) record of performance; (3) administrative capabilities; (4) understanding of the local language and culture; (5) ability to work in the English language; (6) interpersonal skills; and (7) such other factors that the Director de- termines appropriate. (c) Certain training The Director of the Peace Corps shall ensure that each Peace Corps medical officer serving in a malaria-endemic country receives training in the recognition of the side effects of such medi- cations. (d) Review and evaluation (1) In general The Director of the Peace Corps, acting through the Associate Director of the Office of Health Services and the country directors, shall review and evaluate the performance and health care delivery of all Peace Corps med- ical staff, including medical officers, to— (A) ensure compliance with all relevant Peace Corps policies, practices, and guide- lines; and (B) ensure that medical staff complete the necessary continuing medical education to maintain their skills and satisfy licensing and credentialing standards, as designated by the Director. (2) Report to Congress The Director of the Peace Corps shall in- clude, in the annual Peace Corps congressional budget justification, a confirmation that the review and evaluation of all Peace Corps med- ical staff required under paragraph (1) has been completed. (e) Antimalarial drugs The Director of the Peace Corps shall consult with experts at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention regarding recommendations for prescribing malaria prophylaxis, in order to pro- vide the best standard of care within the context of the Peace Corps environment. (Pub. L. 87–293, title I, § 5A, as added Pub. L. 115–256, title I, § 101(a)(2), Oct. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 3651.) § 2505. Peace Corps volunteer leaders; number; applicability of chapter; benefits The President may enroll in the Peace Corps qualified citizens or nationals of the United States whose services are required for super- visory or other special duties or responsibilities in connection with programs under this chapter (referred to in this chapter as ‘‘volunteer lead- ers’’). The ratio of the total number of volunteer leaders to the total number of volunteers in service at any one time shall not exceed one to twenty-five. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, all of the provisions of this chapter applicable to volunteers shall be applicable to volunteer leaders, and the term ‘‘volunteers’’ shall include ‘‘volunteer leaders’’: Provided, how- ever, That— (1) volunteer leaders shall be entitled to re- ceive a readjustment allowance at a rate not less than $125 for each month of satisfactory service as determined by the President; (2) spouses and minor children of volunteer leaders may receive such living, travel, and