42 U.S.C. § 671 — State plan for foster care and adoption as-

Page 2359 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 671 1 See References in Text note below. their efforts to prevent the removal of children from their families, safely reunify children and parents, fi- nalize permanency, and ensure that their voices are heard and their rights are protected. The Secretary shall also ensure collection of data regarding State use of Federal funds for this purpose. (b) Risk and Safety Assessments. (i) Within 18 months of the date of this order, the Secretary shall collect States’ individual standards for conducting risk and safety assessments required under section 106(b)(2)(B)(iv) of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (42 U.S.C. 5106(b)(2)(B)(iv)) [prob- ably means 42 U.S.C. 5106a(b)(2)(B)(iv)]. (ii) Within 2 years of the date of this order, the Sec- retary shall outline reasonable best practice standards for risk and safety assessments, including how to ad- dress domestic violence and substance abuse. SEC. 6. Indian Child Welfare Act. Nothing in this order shall alter the implementation of the Indian Child Wel- fare Act [of 1978; 25 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.] or replace the tribal consultation process. SEC. 7. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect: (i) the authority granted by law to an executive de- partment or agency, or the head thereof; or (ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Man- agement and Budget relating to budgetary, administra- tive, or legislative proposals. (b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appro- priations. (c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforce- able at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. DONALD J. TRUMP. § 671. State plan for foster care and adoption as- sistance (a) Requisite features of State plan In order for a State to be eligible for payments under this part, it shall have a plan approved by the Secretary which— (1) provides for foster care maintenance pay- ments in accordance with section 672 of this title, adoption assistance in accordance with section 673 of this title, and, at the option of the State, services or programs specified in subsection (e)(1) of this section for children who are candidates for foster care or who are pregnant or parenting foster youth and the parents or kin caregivers of the children, in accordance with the requirements of that sub- section; (2) provides that the State agency respon- sible for administering the program author- ized by subpart 1 of part B of this subchapter shall administer, or supervise the administra- tion of, the program authorized by this part; (3) provides that the plan shall be in effect in all political subdivisions of the State, and, if administered by them, be mandatory upon them; (4) provides that the State shall assure that the programs at the local level assisted under this part will be coordinated with the pro- grams at the State or local level assisted under parts A and B of this subchapter, under division A 1 of subchapter XX of this chapter, and under any other appropriate provision of Federal law; (5) provides that the State will, in the ad- ministration of its programs under this part, use such methods relating to the establish- ment and maintenance of personnel standards on a merit basis as are found by the Secretary to be necessary for the proper and efficient op- eration of the programs, except that the Sec- retary shall exercise no authority with respect to the selection, tenure of office, or compensa- tion of any individual employed in accordance with such methods; (6) provides that the State agency referred to in paragraph (2) (hereinafter in this part re- ferred to as the ‘‘State agency’’) will make such reports, in such form and containing such information as the Secretary may from time to time require, and comply with such provi- sions as the Secretary may from time to time find necessary to assure the correctness and verification of such reports; (7) provides that the State agency will mon- itor and conduct periodic evaluations of ac- tivities carried out under this part; (8) subject to subsection (c), provides safe- guards which restrict the use of or disclosure of information concerning individuals assisted under the State plan to purposes directly con- nected with (A) the administration of the plan of the State approved under this part, the plan or program of the State under part A, B, or D of this subchapter or under subchapter I, V, X, XIV, XVI (as in effect in Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands), XIX, or XX, the pro- gram established by subchapter II, or the sup- plemental security income program estab- lished by subchapter XVI, (B) any investiga- tion, prosecution, or criminal or civil pro- ceeding, conducted in connection with the ad- ministration of any such plan or program, (C) the administration of any other Federal or federally assisted program which provides as- sistance, in cash or in kind, or services, di- rectly to individuals on the basis of need, (D) any audit or similar activity conducted in connection with the administration of any such plan or program by any governmental agency which is authorized by law to conduct such audit or activity, and (E) reporting and providing information pursuant to paragraph (9) to appropriate authorities with respect to known or suspected child abuse or neglect; and the safeguards so provided shall prohibit dis- closure, to any committee or legislative body (other than an agency referred to in clause (D) with respect to an activity referred to in such clause), of any information which identifies by name or address any such applicant or recipi- ent; except that nothing contained herein shall preclude a State from providing stand- ards which restrict disclosures to purposes more limited than those specified herein, or which, in the case of adoptions, prevent disclo- sure entirely; (9) provides that the State agency will— (A) report to an appropriate agency or offi- cial, known or suspected instances of phys- ical or mental injury, sexual abuse or exploi- tation, or negligent treatment or maltreat- ment of a child receiving aid under part B or this part under circumstances which indi- cate that the child’s health or welfare is threatened thereby; Page 2360 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 671 (B) provide such information with respect to a situation described in subparagraph (A) as the State agency may have; and (C) not later than— (i) 1 year after September 29, 2014, dem- onstrate to the Secretary that the State agency has developed, in consultation with State and local law enforcement, juvenile justice systems, health care providers, education agencies, and organizations with experience in dealing with at-risk children and youth, policies and procedures (includ- ing relevant training for caseworkers) for identifying, documenting in agency records, and determining appropriate serv- ices with respect to— (I) any child or youth over whom the State agency has responsibility for placement, care, or supervision and who the State has reasonable cause to believe is, or is at risk of being, a sex trafficking victim (including children for whom a State child welfare agency has an open case file but who have not been removed from the home, children who have run away from foster care and who have not attained 18 years of age or such older age as the State has elected under section 675(8) of this title, and youth who are not in foster care but are receiving services under section 677 of this title); and (II) at the option of the State, any in- dividual who has not attained 26 years of age, without regard to whether the indi- vidual is or was in foster care under the responsibility of the State; and (ii) 2 years after September 29, 2014, dem- onstrate to the Secretary that the State agency is implementing the policies and procedures referred to in clause (i). (10) provides— (A) for the establishment or designation of a State authority or authorities that shall be responsible for establishing and maintain- ing standards for foster family homes and child care institutions which are reasonably in accord with recommended standards of national organizations concerned with standards for the institutions or homes, in- cluding standards related to admission poli- cies, safety, sanitation, and protection of civil rights, and which shall permit use of the reasonable and prudent parenting stand- ard; (B) that the standards established pursu- ant to subparagraph (A) shall be applied by the State to any foster family home or child care institution receiving funds under this part or part B and shall require, as a condi- tion of each contract entered into by a child care institution to provide foster care, the presence on-site of at least 1 official who, with respect to any child placed at the child care institution, is designated to be the caregiver who is authorized to apply the rea- sonable and prudent parent standard to deci- sions involving the participation of the child in age or developmentally-appropriate ac- tivities, and who is provided with training in how to use and apply the reasonable and pru- dent parent standard in the same manner as prospective foster parents are provided the training pursuant to paragraph (24); (C) that the standards established pursu- ant to subparagraph (A) shall include poli- cies related to the liability of foster parents and private entities under contract by the State involving the application of the rea- sonable and prudent parent standard, to en- sure appropriate liability for caregivers when a child participates in an approved ac- tivity and the caregiver approving the activ- ity acts in accordance with the reasonable and prudent parent standard; and (D) that a waiver of any standards estab- lished pursuant to subparagraph (A) may be made only on a case-by-case basis for non- safety standards (as determined by the State) in relative foster family homes for specific children in care; (11) provides for periodic review of the stand- ards referred to in the preceding paragraph and amounts paid as foster care maintenance payments and adoption assistance to assure their continuing appropriateness; (12) provides for granting an opportunity for a fair hearing before the State agency to any individual whose claim for benefits available pursuant to this part is denied or is not acted upon with reasonable promptness; (13) provides that the State shall arrange for a periodic and independently conducted audit of the programs assisted under this part and part B of this subchapter, which shall be con- ducted no less frequently than once every three years; (14) provides (A) specific goals (which shall be established by State law on or before Octo- ber 1, 1982) for each fiscal year (commencing with the fiscal year which begins on October 1, 1983) as to the maximum number of children (in absolute numbers or as a percentage of all children in foster care with respect to whom assistance under the plan is provided during such year) who, at any time during such year, will remain in foster care after having been in such care for a period in excess of twenty-four months, and (B) a description of the steps which will be taken by the State to achieve such goals; (15) provides that— (A) in determining reasonable efforts to be made with respect to a child, as described in this paragraph, and in making such reason- able efforts, the child’s health and safety shall be the paramount concern; (B) except as provided in subparagraph (D), reasonable efforts shall be made to preserve and reunify families— (i) prior to the placement of a child in foster care, to prevent or eliminate the need for removing the child from the child’s home; and (ii) to make it possible for a child to safely return to the child’s home; (C) if continuation of reasonable efforts of the type described in subparagraph (B) is de- termined to be inconsistent with the perma- nency plan for the child, reasonable efforts shall be made to place the child in a timely Page 2361 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 671 2 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma. manner in accordance with the permanency plan (including, if appropriate, through an interstate placement), and to complete whatever steps are necessary to finalize the permanent placement of the child; (D) reasonable efforts of the type described in subparagraph (B) shall not be required to be made with respect to a parent of a child if a court of competent jurisdiction has de- termined that— (i) the parent has subjected the child to aggravated circumstances (as defined in State law, which definition may include but need not be limited to abandonment, torture, chronic abuse, and sexual abuse); (ii) the parent has— (I) committed murder (which would have been an offense under section 1111(a) of title 18, if the offense had oc- curred in the special maritime or terri- torial jurisdiction of the United States) of another child of the parent; (II) committed voluntary man- slaughter (which would have been an of- fense under section 1112(a) of title 18, if the offense had occurred in the special maritime or territorial jurisdiction of the United States) of another child of the parent; (III) aided or abetted, attempted, con- spired, or solicited to commit such a murder or such a voluntary man- slaughter; or (IV) committed a felony assault that results in serious bodily injury to the child or another child of the parent; or (iii) the parental rights of the parent to a sibling have been terminated involun- tarily; (E) if reasonable efforts of the type de- scribed in subparagraph (B) are not made with respect to a child as a result of a deter- mination made by a court of competent ju- risdiction in accordance with subparagraph (D)— (i) a permanency hearing (as described in section 675(5)(C) of this title), which con- siders in-State and out-of-State permanent placement options for the child, shall be held for the child within 30 days after the determination; and (ii) reasonable efforts shall be made to place the child in a timely manner in ac- cordance with the permanency plan, and to complete whatever steps are necessary to finalize the permanent placement of the child; and (F) reasonable efforts to place a child for adoption or with a legal guardian, including identifying appropriate in-State and out-of- State placements 2 may be made concur- rently with reasonable efforts of the type de- scribed in subparagraph (B); (16) provides for the development of a case plan (as defined in section 675(1) of this title and in accordance with the requirements of section 675a of this title) for each child receiv- ing foster care maintenance payments under the State plan and provides for a case review system which meets the requirements de- scribed in sections 675(5) and 675a of this title with respect to each such child; (17) provides that, where appropriate, all steps will be taken, including cooperative ef- forts with the State agencies administering the program funded under part A and plan ap- proved under part D, to secure an assignment to the State of any rights to support on behalf of each child receiving foster care mainte- nance payments under this part; (18) not later than January 1, 1997, provides that neither the State nor any other entity in the State that receives funds from the Federal Government and is involved in adoption or fos- ter care placements may— (A) deny to any person the opportunity to become an adoptive or a foster parent, on the basis of the race, color, or national ori- gin of the person, or of the child, involved; or (B) delay or deny the placement of a child for adoption or into foster care, on the basis of the race, color, or national origin of the adoptive or foster parent, or the child, in- volved; (19) provides that the State shall consider giving preference to an adult relative over a non-related caregiver when determining a placement for a child, provided that the rel- ative caregiver meets all relevant State child protection standards; (20)(A) provides procedures for criminal records checks, including fingerprint-based checks of national crime information data- bases (as defined in section 534(f)(3)(A) of title 28), for any prospective foster or adoptive par- ent before the foster or adoptive parent may be finally approved for placement of a child re- gardless of whether foster care maintenance payments or adoption assistance payments are to be made on behalf of the child under the State plan under this part, including proce- dures requiring that— (i) in any case involving a child on whose behalf such payments are to be so made in which a record check reveals a felony con- viction for child abuse or neglect, for spous- al abuse, for a crime against children (in- cluding child pornography), or for a crime involving violence, including rape, sexual as- sault, or homicide, but not including other physical assault or battery, if a State finds that a court of competent jurisdiction has determined that the felony was committed at any time, such final approval shall not be granted; and (ii) in any case involving a child on whose behalf such payments are to be so made in which a record check reveals a felony con- viction for physical assault, battery, or a drug-related offense, if a State finds that a court of competent jurisdiction has deter- mined that the felony was committed within the past 5 years, such final approval shall not be granted; (B) provides that the State shall— (i) check any child abuse and neglect reg- istry maintained by the State for informa- Page 2362 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 671 tion on any prospective foster or adoptive parent and on any other adult living in the home of such a prospective parent, and re- quest any other State in which any such pro- spective parent or other adult has resided in the preceding 5 years, to enable the State to check any child abuse and neglect registry maintained by such other State for such in- formation, before the prospective foster or adoptive parent may be finally approved for placement of a child, regardless of whether foster care maintenance payments or adop- tion assistance payments are to be made on behalf of the child under the State plan under this part; (ii) comply with any request described in clause (i) that is received from another State; and (iii) have in place safeguards to prevent the unauthorized disclosure of information in any child abuse and neglect registry maintained by the State, and to prevent any such information obtained pursuant to this subparagraph from being used for a purpose other than the conducting of background checks in foster or adoptive placement cases; (C) provides procedures for criminal records checks, including fingerprint-based checks of national crime information databases (as de- fined in section 534(f)(3)(A) of title 28), on any relative guardian, and for checks described in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph on any rel- ative guardian and any other adult living in the home of any relative guardian, before the relative guardian may receive kinship guard- ianship assistance payments on behalf of the child under the State plan under this part; and (D) provides procedures for any child-care institution, including a group home, residen- tial treatment center, shelter, or other con- gregate care setting, to conduct criminal records checks, including fingerprint-based checks of national crime information data- bases (as defined in section 534(f)(3)(A) of title 28), and checks described in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, on any adult working in a child-care institution, including a group home, residential treatment center, shelter, or other congregate care setting, unless the State re- ports to the Secretary the alternative crimi- nal records checks and child abuse registry checks the State conducts on any adult work- ing in a child-care institution, including a group home, residential treatment center, shelter, or other congregate care setting, and why the checks specified in this subparagraph are not appropriate for the State; (21) provides for health insurance coverage (including, at State option, through the pro- gram under the State plan approved under subchapter XIX) for any child who has been determined to be a child with special needs, for whom there is in effect an adoption assist- ance agreement (other than an agreement under this part) between the State and an adoptive parent or parents, and who the State has determined cannot be placed with an adop- tive parent or parents without medical assist- ance because such child has special needs for medical, mental health, or rehabilitative care, and that with respect to the provision of such health insurance coverage— (A) such coverage may be provided through 1 or more State medical assistance programs; (B) the State, in providing such coverage, shall ensure that the medical benefits, in- cluding mental health benefits, provided are of the same type and kind as those that would be provided for children by the State under subchapter XIX; (C) in the event that the State provides such coverage through a State medical as- sistance program other than the program under subchapter XIX, and the State exceeds its funding for services under such other pro- gram, any such child shall be deemed to be receiving aid or assistance under the State plan under this part for purposes of section 1396a(a)(10)(A)(i)(I) of this title; and (D) in determining cost-sharing require- ments, the State shall take into consider- ation the circumstances of the adopting par- ent or parents and the needs of the child being adopted consistent, to the extent cov- erage is provided through a State medical assistance program, with the rules under such program; (22) provides that, not later than January 1, 1999, the State shall develop and implement standards to ensure that children in foster care placements in public or private agencies are provided quality services that protect the safety and health of the children; (23) provides that the State shall not— (A) deny or delay the placement of a child for adoption when an approved family is available outside of the jurisdiction with re- sponsibility for handling the case of the child; or (B) fail to grant an opportunity for a fair hearing, as described in paragraph (12), to an individual whose allegation of a violation of subparagraph (A) of this paragraph is denied by the State or not acted upon by the State with reasonable promptness; (24) includes a certification that, before a child in foster care under the responsibility of the State is placed with prospective foster par- ents, the prospective foster parents will be prepared adequately with the appropriate knowledge and skills to provide for the needs of the child, that the preparation will be con- tinued, as necessary, after the placement of the child, and that the preparation shall in- clude knowledge and skills relating to the rea- sonable and prudent parent standard for the participation of the child in age or develop- mentally-appropriate activities, including knowledge and skills relating to the develop- mental stages of the cognitive, emotional, physical, and behavioral capacities of a child, and knowledge and skills relating to applying the standard to decisions such as whether to allow the child to engage in social, extra- curricular, enrichment, cultural, and social activities, including sports, field trips, and overnight activities lasting 1 or more days, and to decisions involving the signing of per- mission slips and arranging of transportation Page 2363 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 671 for the child to and from extracurricular, en- richment, and social activities; (25) provides that the State shall have in ef- fect procedures for the orderly and timely interstate placement of children, which, in the case of a State other than the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Is- lands, Guam, or American Samoa, not later than October 1, 2027, shall include the use of an electronic interstate case-processing sys- tem; and procedures implemented in accord- ance with an interstate compact, if incor- porating with the procedures prescribed by paragraph (26), shall be considered to satisfy the requirement of this paragraph; (26) provides that— (A)(i) within 60 days after the State re- ceives from another State a request to con- duct a study of a home environment for pur- poses of assessing the safety and suitability of placing a child in the home, the State shall, directly or by contract— (I) conduct and complete the study; and (II) return to the other State a report on the results of the study, which shall ad- dress the extent to which placement in the home would meet the needs of the child; and (ii) in the case of a home study begun on or before September 30, 2008, if the State fails to comply with clause (i) within the 60- day period as a result of circumstances be- yond the control of the State (such as a fail- ure by a Federal agency to provide the re- sults of a background check, or the failure by any entity to provide completed medical forms, requested by the State at least 45 days before the end of the 60-day period), the State shall have 75 days to comply with clause (i) if the State documents the cir- cumstances involved and certifies that com- pleting the home study is in the best inter- ests of the child; except that (iii) this subparagraph shall not be con- strued to require the State to have com- pleted, within the applicable period, the parts of the home study involving the edu- cation and training of the prospective foster or adoptive parents; (B) the State shall treat any report de- scribed in subparagraph (A) that is received from another State or an Indian tribe (or from a private agency under contract with another State) as meeting any requirements imposed by the State for the completion of a home study before placing a child in the home, unless, within 14 days after receipt of the report, the State determines, based on grounds that are specific to the content of the report, that making a decision in reli- ance on the report would be contrary to the welfare of the child; and (C) the State shall not impose any restric- tion on the ability of a State agency admin- istering, or supervising the administration of, a State program operated under a State plan approved under this part to contract with a private agency for the conduct of a home study described in subparagraph (A); (27) provides that, with respect to any child in foster care under the responsibility of the State under this part or part B and without re- gard to whether foster care maintenance pay- ments are made under section 672 of this title on behalf of the child, the State has in effect procedures for verifying the citizenship or im- migration status of the child; (28) at the option of the State, provides for the State to enter into kinship guardianship assistance agreements to provide kinship guardianship assistance payments on behalf of children to grandparents and other relatives who have assumed legal guardianship of the children for whom they have cared as foster parents and for whom they have committed to care on a permanent basis, as provided in sec- tion 673(d) of this title; (29) provides that, within 30 days after the removal of a child from the custody of the par- ent or parents of the child, the State shall ex- ercise due diligence to identify and provide no- tice to the following relatives: all adult grand- parents, all parents of a sibling of the child, where such parent has legal custody of such sibling, and other adult relatives of the child (including any other adult relatives suggested by the parents), subject to exceptions due to family or domestic violence, that— (A) specifies that the child has been or is being removed from the custody of the par- ent or parents of the child; (B) explains the options the relative has under Federal, State, and local law to par- ticipate in the care and placement of the child, including any options that may be lost by failing to respond to the notice; (C) describes the requirements under para- graph (10) of this subsection to become a fos- ter family home and the additional services and supports that are available for children placed in such a home; and (D) if the State has elected the option to make kinship guardianship assistance pay- ments under paragraph (28) of this sub- section, describes how the relative guardian of the child may subsequently enter into an agreement with the State under section 673(d) of this title to receive the payments; (30) provides assurances that each child who has attained the minimum age for compulsory school attendance under State law and with respect to whom there is eligibility for a pay- ment under the State plan is a full-time ele- mentary or secondary school student or has completed secondary school, and for purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘‘elementary or secondary school student’’ means, with respect to a child, that the child is— (A) enrolled (or in the process of enrolling) in an institution which provides elementary or secondary education, as determined under the law of the State or other jurisdiction in which the institution is located; (B) instructed in elementary or secondary education at home in accordance with a home school law of the State or other juris- diction in which the home is located; (C) in an independent study elementary or secondary education program in accordance with the law of the State or other jurisdic- tion in which the program is located, which is administered by the local school or school district; or Page 2364 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 671 3 So in original. Probably should be preceded by ‘‘section’’. (D) incapable of attending school on a full- time basis due to the medical condition of the child, which incapability is supported by regularly updated information in the case plan of the child; (31) provides that reasonable efforts shall be made— (A) to place siblings removed from their home in the same foster care, kinship guard- ianship, or adoptive placement, unless the State documents that such a joint place- ment would be contrary to the safety or well-being of any of the siblings; and (B) in the case of siblings removed from their home who are not so jointly placed, to provide for frequent visitation or other on- going interaction between the siblings, un- less that State documents that frequent visi- tation or other ongoing interaction would be contrary to the safety or well-being of any of the siblings; (32) provides that the State will negotiate in good faith with any Indian tribe, tribal organi- zation or tribal consortium in the State that requests to develop an agreement with the State to administer all or part of the program under this part on behalf of Indian children who are under the authority of the tribe, orga- nization, or consortium, including foster care maintenance payments on behalf of children who are placed in State or tribally licensed foster family homes, adoption assistance pay- ments, and, if the State has elected to provide such payments, kinship guardianship assist- ance payments under section 673(d) of this title, and tribal access to resources for admin- istration, training, and data collection under this part; (33) provides that the State will inform any individual who is adopting, or whom the State is made aware is considering adopting, a child who is in foster care under the responsibility of the State of the potential eligibility of the individual for a Federal tax credit under sec- tion 23 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; (34) provides that, for each child or youth de- scribed in paragraph (9)(C)(i)(I), the State agency shall— (A) not later than 2 years after September 29, 2014, report immediately, and in no case later than 24 hours after receiving informa- tion on children or youth who have been identified as being a sex trafficking victim, to the law enforcement authorities; and (B) not later than 3 years after September 29, 2014, and annually thereafter, report to the Secretary the total number of children and youth who are sex trafficking victims; (35) provides that— (A) not later than 1 year after September 29, 2014, the State shall develop and imple- ment specific protocols for— (i) expeditiously locating any child miss- ing from foster care; (ii) determining the primary factors that contributed to the child’s running away or otherwise being absent from care, and to the extent possible and appropriate, re- sponding to those factors in current and subsequent placements; (iii) determining the child’s experiences while absent from care, including screen- ing the child to determine if the child is a possible sex trafficking victim (as defined in section 675(9)(A) of this title); and (iv) reporting such related information as required by the Secretary; and (B) not later than 2 years after September 29, 2014, for each child and youth described in paragraph (9)(C)(i)(I) of this subsection, the State agency shall report immediately, and in no case later than 24 hours after receiv- ing, information on missing or abducted children or youth to the law enforcement au- thorities for entry into the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) database of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, established pursuant to section 534 of title 28, and to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (referred to in this subparagraph as ‘‘NCMEC’’), and that the State agency shall maintain regular communication with law enforcement agencies and NCMEC in efforts to provide a safe recovery of a missing or ab- ducted child or youth, including by sharing information pertaining to the child’s or youth’s recovery and circumstances related to the recovery, and that the State report submitted to law enforcement agencies and NCMEC shall include where reasonably pos- sible— (i) a photo of the missing or abducted child or youth; (ii) a description of the child’s or youth’s physical features, such as height, weight, sex, ethnicity, race, hair color, and eye color; and (iii) endangerment information, such as the child’s or youth’s pregnancy status, prescription medications, suicidal ten- dencies, vulnerability to being sex traf- ficked, and other health or risk factors; (36) provides that, not later than April 1, 2019, the State shall submit to the Secretary information addressing— (A) whether the State licensing standards are in accord with model standards identi- fied by the Secretary, and if not, the reason for the specific deviation and a description as to why having a standard that is reason- ably in accord with the corresponding na- tional model standards is not appropriate for the State; (B) whether the State has elected to waive standards established in 671(a)(10)(A) 3 of this title for relative foster family homes (pursu- ant to waiver authority provided by 671(a)(10)(D) 3 of this title), a description of which standards the State most commonly waives, and if the State has not elected to waive the standards, the reason for not waiving these standards; (C) if the State has elected to waive stand- ards specified in subparagraph (B), how case- workers are trained to use the waiver au- thority and whether the State has developed a process or provided tools to assist case- workers in waiving nonsafety standards per Page 2365 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 671 the authority provided in 671(a)(10)(D) 3 of this title to quickly place children with rel- atives; and (D) a description of the steps the State is taking to improve caseworker training or the process, if any; and (37) includes a certification that, in response to the limitation imposed under section 672(k) of this title with respect to foster care mainte- nance payments made on behalf of any child who is placed in a setting that is not a foster family home, the State will not enact or ad- vance policies or practices that would result in a significant increase in the population of youth in the State’s juvenile justice system. (b) Approval of plan by Secretary The Secretary shall approve any plan which complies with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section. (c) Use of child welfare records in State court proceedings Subsection (a)(8) shall not be construed to limit the flexibility of a State in determining State policies relating to public access to court proceedings to determine child abuse and ne- glect or other court hearings held pursuant to part B or this part, except that such policies shall, at a minimum, ensure the safety and well- being of the child, parents, and family. (d) Annual reports by the Secretary on number of children and youth reported by States to be sex trafficking victims Not later than 4 years after September 29, 2014, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall re- port to the Congress and make available to the public on the Internet website of the Depart- ment of Health and Human Services the number of children and youth reported in accordance with subsection (a)(34)(B) of this section to be sex trafficking victims (as defined in section 675(9)(A) of this title). (e) Prevention and family services and programs (1) In general Subject to the succeeding provisions of this subsection, the Secretary may make a pay- ment to a State for providing the following services or programs for a child described in paragraph (2) and the parents or kin caregivers of the child when the need of the child, such a parent, or such a caregiver for the services or programs are directly related to the safety, permanence, or well-being of the child or to preventing the child from entering foster care: (A) Mental health and substance abuse pre- vention and treatment services Mental health and substance abuse preven- tion and treatment services provided by a qualified clinician for not more than a 12- month period that begins on any date de- scribed in paragraph (3) with respect to the child. (B) In-home parent skill-based programs In-home parent skill-based programs for not more than a 12-month period that begins on any date described in paragraph (3) with respect to the child and that include par- enting skills training, parent education, and individual and family counseling. (2) Child described For purposes of paragraph (1), a child de- scribed in this paragraph is the following: (A) A child who is a candidate for foster care (as defined in section 675(13) of this title) but can remain safely at home or in a kinship placement with receipt of services or programs specified in paragraph (1). (B) A child in foster care who is a pregnant or parenting foster youth. (3) Date described For purposes of paragraph (1), the dates de- scribed in this paragraph are the following: (A) The date on which a child is identified in a prevention plan maintained under para- graph (4) as a child who is a candidate for foster care (as defined in section 675(13) of this title). (B) The date on which a child is identified in a prevention plan maintained under para- graph (4) as a pregnant or parenting foster youth in need of services or programs speci- fied in paragraph (1). (4) Requirements related to providing services and programs Services and programs specified in para- graph (1) may be provided under this sub- section only if specified in advance in the child’s prevention plan described in subpara- graph (A) and the requirements in subpara- graphs (B) through (E) are met: (A) Prevention plan The State maintains a written prevention plan for the child that meets the following requirements (as applicable): (i) Candidates In the case of a child who is a candidate for foster care described in paragraph (2)(A), the prevention plan shall— (I) identify the foster care prevention strategy for the child so that the child may remain safely at home, live tempo- rarily with a kin caregiver until reunifi- cation can be safely achieved, or live permanently with a kin caregiver; (II) list the services or programs to be provided to or on behalf of the child to ensure the success of that prevention strategy; and (III) comply with such other require- ments as the Secretary shall establish. (ii) Pregnant or parenting foster youth In the case of a child who is a pregnant or parenting foster youth described in paragraph (2)(B), the prevention plan shall— (I) be included in the child’s case plan required under section 675(1) of this title; (II) list the services or programs to be provided to or on behalf of the youth to ensure that the youth is prepared (in the case of a pregnant foster youth) or able (in the case of a parenting foster youth) to be a parent; (III) describe the foster care prevention strategy for any child born to the youth; and Page 2366 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 671 (IV) comply with such other require- ments as the Secretary shall establish. (B) Trauma-informed The services or programs to be provided to or on behalf of a child are provided under an organizational structure and treatment framework that involves understanding, rec- ognizing, and responding to the effects of all types of trauma and in accordance with rec- ognized principles of a trauma-informed ap- proach and trauma-specific interventions to address trauma’s consequences and facilitate healing. (C) Only services and programs provided in accordance with promising, supported, or well-supported practices permitted (i) In general Only State expenditures for services or programs specified in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) that are provided in accordance with practices that meet the requirements specified in clause (ii) of this subparagraph and that meet the require- ments specified in clause (iii), (iv), or (v), respectively, for being a promising, sup- ported, or well-supported practice, shall be eligible for a Federal matching payment under section 674(a)(6)(A) of this title. (ii) General practice requirements The general practice requirements speci- fied in this clause are the following: (I) The practice has a book, manual, or other available writings that specify the components of the practice protocol and describe how to administer the practice. (II) There is no empirical basis sug- gesting that, compared to its likely ben- efits, the practice constitutes a risk of harm to those receiving it. (III) If multiple outcome studies have been conducted, the overall weight of evidence supports the benefits of the practice. (IV) Outcome measures are reliable and valid, and are administrated consist- ently and accurately across all those re- ceiving the practice. (V) There is no case data suggesting a risk of harm that was probably caused by the treatment and that was severe or frequent. (iii) Promising practice A practice shall be considered to be a ‘‘promising practice’’ if the practice is su- perior to an appropriate comparison prac- tice using conventional standards of sta- tistical significance (in terms of dem- onstrated meaningful improvements in validated measures of important child and parent outcomes, such as mental health, substance abuse, and child safety and well- being), as established by the results or out- comes of at least one study that— (I) was rated by an independent sys- tematic review for the quality of the study design and execution and deter- mined to be well-designed and well-exe- cuted; and (II) utilized some form of control (such as an untreated group, a placebo group, or a wait list study). (iv) Supported practice A practice shall be considered to be a ‘‘supported practice’’ if— (I) the practice is superior to an appro- priate comparison practice using conven- tional standards of statistical signifi- cance (in terms of demonstrated mean- ingful improvements in validated meas- ures of important child and parent out- comes, such as mental health, substance abuse, and child safety and well-being), as established by the results or outcomes of at least one study that— (aa) was rated by an independent sys- tematic review for the quality of the study design and execution and deter- mined to be well-designed and well-ex- ecuted; (bb) was a rigorous random-con- trolled trial (or, if not available, a study using a rigorous quasi-experi- mental research design); and (cc) was carried out in a usual care or practice setting; and (II) the study described in subclause (I) established that the practice has a sus- tained effect (when compared to a con- trol group) for at least 6 months beyond the end of the treatment. (v) Well-supported practice A practice shall be considered to be a ‘‘well-supported practice’’ if— (I) the practice is superior to an appro- priate comparison practice using conven- tional standards of statistical signifi- cance (in terms of demonstrated mean- ingful improvements in validated meas- ures of important child and parent out- comes, such as mental health, substance abuse, and child safety and well-being), as established by the results or outcomes of at least two studies that— (aa) were rated by an independent systematic review for the quality of the study design and execution and de- termined to be well-designed and well- executed; (bb) were rigorous random-controlled trials (or, if not available, studies using a rigorous quasi-experimental re- search design); and (cc) were carried out in a usual care or practice setting; and (II) at least one of the studies de- scribed in subclause (I) established that the practice has a sustained effect (when compared to a control group) for at least 1 year beyond the end of treatment. (D) Guidance on practices criteria and pre- approved services and programs (i) In general Not later than October 1, 2018, the Sec- retary shall issue guidance to States re- garding the practices criteria required for services or programs to satisfy the re- Page 2367 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 671 quirements of subparagraph (C). The guid- ance shall include a pre-approved list of services and programs that satisfy the re- quirements. (ii) Updates The Secretary shall issue updates to the guidance required by clause (i) as often as the Secretary determines necessary. (E) Outcome assessment and reporting The State shall collect and report to the Secretary the following information with re- spect to each child for whom, or on whose behalf mental health and substance abuse prevention and treatment services or in- home parent skill-based programs are pro- vided during a 12-month period beginning on the date the child is determined by the State to be a child described in paragraph (2): (i) The specific services or programs pro- vided and the total expenditures for each of the services or programs. (ii) The duration of the services or pro- grams provided. (iii) In the case of a child described in paragraph (2)(A), the child’s placement status at the beginning, and at the end, of the 1-year period, respectively, and wheth- er the child entered foster care within 2 years after being determined a candidate for foster care. (5) State plan component (A) In general A State electing to provide services or pro- grams specified in paragraph (1) shall submit as part of the State plan required by sub- section (a) a prevention services and pro- grams plan component that meets the re- quirements of subparagraph (B). (B) Prevention services and programs plan component In order to meet the requirements of this subparagraph, a prevention services and pro- grams plan component, with respect to each 5-year period for which the plan component is in operation in the State, shall include the following: (i) How providing services and programs specified in paragraph (1) is expected to improve specific outcomes for children and families. (ii) How the State will monitor and over- see the safety of children who receive serv- ices and programs specified in paragraph (1), including through periodic risk assess- ments throughout the period in which the services and programs are provided on be- half of a child and reexamination of the prevention plan maintained for the child under paragraph (4) for the provision of the services or programs if the State deter- mines the risk of the child entering foster care remains high despite the provision of the services or programs. (iii) With respect to the services and pro- grams specified in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1), information on the specific promising, supported, or well-sup- ported practices the State plans to use to provide the services or programs, includ- ing a description of— (I) the services or programs and wheth- er the practices used are promising, sup- ported, or well-supported; (II) how the State plans to implement the services or programs, including how implementation of the services or pro- grams will be continuously monitored to ensure fidelity to the practice model and to determine outcomes achieved and how information learned from the monitoring will be used to refine and improve prac- tices; (III) how the State selected the serv- ices or programs; (IV) the target population for the serv- ices or programs; and (V) how each service or program pro- vided will be evaluated through a well- designed and rigorous process, which may consist of an ongoing, cross-site evaluation approved by the Secretary. (iv) A description of the consultation that the State agencies responsible for ad- ministering the State plans under this part and part B engage in with other State agencies responsible for administering health programs, including mental health and substance abuse prevention and treat- ment services, and with other public and private agencies with experience in admin- istering child and family services, includ- ing community-based organizations, in order to foster a continuum of care for children described in paragraph (2) and their parents or kin caregivers. (v) A description of how the State shall assess children and their parents or kin caregivers to determine eligibility for services or programs specified in para- graph (1). (vi) A description of how the services or programs specified in paragraph (1) that are provided for or on behalf of a child and the parents or kin caregivers of the child will be coordinated with other child and family services provided to the child and the parents or kin caregivers of the child under the State plans in effect under sub- parts 1 and 2 of part B. (vii) Descriptions of steps the State is taking to support and enhance a com- petent, skilled, and professional child wel- fare workforce to deliver trauma-informed and evidence-based services, including— (I) ensuring that staff is qualified to provide services or programs that are consistent with the promising, sup- ported, or well-supported practice mod- els selected; and (II) developing appropriate prevention plans, and conducting the risk assess- ments required under clause (iii). (viii) A description of how the State will provide training and support for case- workers in assessing what children and their families need, connecting to the fam- ilies served, knowing how to access and de- liver the needed trauma-informed and evi- Page 2368 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 671 dence-based services, and overseeing and evaluating the continuing appropriateness of the services. (ix) A description of how caseload size and type for prevention caseworkers will be determined, managed, and overseen. (x) An assurance that the State will re- port to the Secretary such information and data as the Secretary may require with respect to the provision of services and programs specified in paragraph (1), including information and data necessary to determine the performance measures for the State under paragraph (6) and com- pliance with paragraph (7). (C) Reimbursement for services under the prevention plan component (i) Limitation Except as provided in subclause (ii), a State may not receive a Federal payment under this part for a given promising, sup- ported, or well-supported practice unless (in accordance with subparagraph (B)(iii)(V)) the plan includes a well-de- signed and rigorous evaluation strategy for that practice. (ii) Waiver of limitation The Secretary may waive the require- ment for a well-designed and rigorous eval- uation of any well-supported practice if the Secretary deems the evidence of the ef- fectiveness of the practice to be compel- ling and the State meets the continuous quality improvement requirements in- cluded in subparagraph (B)(iii)(II) with re- gard to the practice. (6) Prevention services measures (A) Establishment; annual updates Beginning with fiscal year 2021, and annu- ally thereafter, the Secretary shall establish the following prevention services measures based on information and data reported by States that elect to provide services and pro- grams specified in paragraph (1): (i) Percentage of candidates for foster care who do not enter foster care The percentage of candidates for foster care for whom, or on whose behalf, the services or programs are provided who do not enter foster care, including those placed with a kin caregiver outside of fos- ter care, during the 12-month period in which the services or programs are pro- vided and through the end of the suc- ceeding 12-month period. (ii) Per-child spending The total amount of expenditures made for mental health and substance abuse pre- vention and treatment services or in-home parent skill-based programs, respectively, for, or on behalf of, each child described in paragraph (2). (B) Data The Secretary shall establish and annually update the prevention services measures— (i) based on the median State values of the information reported under each clause of subparagraph (A) for the 3 then most recent years; and (ii) taking into account State differences in the price levels of consumption goods and services using the most recent re- gional price parities published by the Bu- reau of Economic Analysis of the Depart- ment of Commerce or such other data as the Secretary determines appropriate. (C) Publication of State prevention services measures The Secretary shall annually make avail- able to the public the prevention services measures of each State. (7) Maintenance of effort for State foster care prevention expenditures (A) In general If a State elects to provide services and programs specified in paragraph (1) for a fis- cal year, the State foster care prevention ex- penditures for the fiscal year shall not be less than the amount of the expenditures for fiscal year 2014 (or, at the option of a State described in subparagraph (E), fiscal year 2015 or fiscal year 2016 (whichever the State elects)). (B) State foster care prevention expenditures The term ‘‘State foster care prevention ex- penditures’’ means the following: (i) TANF; IV–B; SSBG State expenditures for foster care pre- vention services and activities under the State program funded under part A (in- cluding from amounts made available by the Federal Government), under the State plan developed under part B (including any such amounts), or under the Social Serv- ices Block Grant Programs under division A of subchapter XX (including any such amounts). (ii) Other State programs State expenditures for foster care pre- vention services and activities under any State program that is not described in clause (i) (other than any State expendi- tures for foster care prevention services and activities under the State program under this part (including under a waiver of the program)). (C) State expenditures The term ‘‘State expenditures’’ means all State or local funds that are expended by the State or a local agency including State or local funds that are matched or reimbursed by the Federal Government and State or local funds that are not matched or reim- bursed by the Federal Government. (D) Determination of prevention services and activities The Secretary shall require each State that elects to provide services and programs specified in paragraph (1) to report the ex- penditures specified in subparagraph (B) for fiscal year 2014 and for such fiscal years thereafter as are necessary to determine whether the State is complying with the Page 2369 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 671 maintenance of effort requirement in sub- paragraph (A). The Secretary shall specify the specific services and activities under each program referred to in subparagraph (B) that are ‘‘prevention services and activi- ties’’ for purposes of the reports. (E) State described For purposes of subparagraph (A), a State is described in this subparagraph if the popu- lation of children in the State in 2014 was less than 200,000 (as determined by the United States Census Bureau). (8) Prohibition against use of state foster care prevention expenditures and Federal IV–E prevention funds for matching or expendi- ture requirement A State that elects to provide services and programs specified in paragraph (1) shall not use any State foster care prevention expendi- tures for a fiscal year for the State share of expenditures under section 674(a)(6) of this title for a fiscal year. (9) Administrative costs Expenditures described in section 674(a)(6)(B) of this title— (A) shall not be eligible for payment under subparagraph (A), (B), or (E) of section 674(a)(3) of this title; and (B) shall be eligible for payment under sec- tion 674(a)(6)(B) of this title without regard to whether the expenditures are incurred on behalf of a child who is, or is potentially, eli- gible for foster care maintenance payments under this part. (10) Application (A) In general The provision of services or programs under this subsection to or on behalf of a child described in paragraph (2) shall not be considered to be receipt of aid or assistance under the State plan under this part for pur- poses of eligibility for any other program es- tablished under this chapter, nor shall the provision of such services or programs be construed to permit the State to reduce medical or other assistance available to a re- cipient of such services or programs. (B) Candidates in kinship care A child described in paragraph (2) for whom such services or programs under this subsection are provided for more than 6 months while in the home of a kin caregiver, and who would satisfy the AFDC eligibility requirement of section 672(a)(3)(A)(ii)(II) of this title but for residing in the home of the caregiver for more than 6 months, is deemed to satisfy that requirement for purposes of determining whether the child is eligible for foster care maintenance payments under section 672 of this title. (C) Payer of last resort In carrying out its responsibilities to en- sure access to services or programs under this subsection, the State agency shall not be considered to be a legally liable third party for purposes of satisfying a financial commitment for the cost of providing such services or programs with respect to any in- dividual for whom such cost would have been paid for from another public or private source but for the enactment of this sub- section (except that whenever considered necessary to prevent a delay in the receipt of appropriate early intervention services by a child or family in a timely fashion, funds provided under section 674(a)(6) of this title may be used to pay the provider of services or programs pending reimbursement from the public or private source that has ulti- mate responsibility for the payment). (Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title IV, § 471, as added Pub. L. 96–272, title I, § 101(a)(1), June 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 501; amended Pub. L. 97–35, title XXIII, § 2353(r), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 874; Pub. L. 97–248, title I, § 160(d), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 400; Pub. L. 98–378, § 11(c), Aug. 16, 1984, 98 Stat. 1318; Pub. L. 99–514, title XVII, § 1711(c)(2), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2784; Pub. L. 100–485, title II, § 202(c)(1), Oct. 13, 1988, 102 Stat. 2378; Pub. L. 101–508, title V, § 5054(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–229; Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, § 13711(b)(4), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 655; Pub. L. 103–432, title II, § 203(b), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4456; Pub. L. 104–188, title I, § 1808(a), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1903; Pub. L. 104–193, title I, § 108(d)(2), title V, § 505, Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2166, 2278; Pub. L. 105–33, title V, § 5591(b), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 643; Pub. L. 105–89, title I, §§ 101(a), 106, title III, §§ 306, 308, Nov. 19, 1997, 111 Stat. 2116, 2120, 2132, 2133; Pub. L. 105–200, title III, § 301(a), July 16, 1998, 112 Stat. 658; Pub. L. 106–169, title I, § 112(a), title IV, § 401(o), Dec. 14, 1999, 113 Stat. 1829, 1859; Pub. L. 109–171, title VII, § 7401(c), Feb. 8, 2006, 120 Stat. 150; Pub. L. 109–239, §§ 3, 4(a)(1), 10, July 3, 2006, 120 Stat. 508, 513; Pub. L. 109–248, title I, § 152(a), (b), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 608, 609; Pub. L. 109–432, div. B, title IV, § 405(c)(1)(B)(i), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2999; Pub. L. 110–351, title I, §§ 101(a), (c)(2)(A), (B)(i), 103, 104(a), title II, §§ 204(b), 206, title III, § 301(c)(1)(A), title IV, § 403, Oct. 7, 2008, 122 Stat. 3950–3952, 3956, 3957, 3960, 3962, 3969, 3979; Pub. L. 111–148, title VI, § 6703(d)(2)(B), Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 803; Pub. L. 113–183, title I, §§ 101(a), 102, 104, 111(a)(2), (b), 112(b)(2)(A)(ii), title II, § 209(a)(1), Sept. 29, 2014, 128 Stat. 1920–1922, 1924, 1927, 1941; Pub. L. 115–123, div. E, title VII, §§ 50711(a), 50722(a), 50731(b), 50741(d)(1), 50745, Feb. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 232, 246, 251, 256, 261; Pub. L. 115–165, title I, § 103(a)(2), Apr. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1262; Pub. L. 115–271, title VIII, § 8082(b), Oct. 24, 2018, 132 Stat. 4102; Pub. L. 117–348, title I, § 137(a), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6223.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Division A of subchapter XX, referred to in subsec. (a)(4), was in the original a reference to subtitle 1 of title XX, which was translated as if referring to sub- title A of title XX of the Social Security Act, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Title XX of the Act, enacting subchapter XX of this chapter, does not con- tain a subtitle 1. The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in sub- sec. (a)(33), is classified generally to Title 26, Internal Revenue Code. Page 2370 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 671 CODIFICATION Amendment by section 101(c)(2)(B)(i) of Pub. L. 110–351 was executed after amendment by section 101(c)(2)(A)(ii) of Pub. L. 110–351, notwithstanding sec- tion 101(c)(2)(B)(ii) of Pub. L. 110–351, set out as an Ef- fective Date of 2008 Amendment note below, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. AMENDMENTS 2023—Subsec. (a)(35)(B). Pub. L. 117–348 substituted ‘‘Children (referred to in this subparagraph as ‘NCMEC’), and that the State agency shall maintain regular communication with law enforcement agencies and NCMEC in efforts to provide a safe recovery of a missing or abducted child or youth, including by shar- ing information pertaining to the child’s or youth’s re- covery and circumstances related to the recovery, and that the State report submitted to law enforcement agencies and NCMEC shall include where reasonably possible—’’ and cls. (i) to (iii) for ‘‘Children;’’. 2018—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 115–123, § 50711(a)(1), sub- stituted ‘‘, adoption assistance in accordance with sec- tion 673 of this title, and, at the option of the State, services or programs specified in subsection (e)(1) of this section for children who are candidates for foster care or who are pregnant or parenting foster youth and the parents or kin caregivers of the children, in accord- ance with the requirements of that subsection;’’ for ‘‘and for adoption assistance in accordance with section 673 of this title;’’. Subsec. (a)(8)(A). Pub. L. 115–165 inserted ‘‘the pro- gram established by subchapter II,’’ after ‘‘XX,’’. Subsec. (a)(20)(A), (C). Pub. L. 115–123, § 50745(b), sub- stituted ‘‘section 534(f)(3)(A)’’ for ‘‘section 534(e)(3)(A)’’. Subsec. (a)(20)(D). Pub. L. 115–123, § 50745(a), added subpar. (D). Subsec. (a)(25). Pub. L. 115–123, § 50722(a), substituted ‘‘provides’’ for ‘‘provide’’ and inserted ‘‘, which, in the case of a State other than the Commonwealth of Puer- to Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, or American Samoa, not later than October 1, 2027, shall include the use of an electronic interstate case-proc- essing system’’ after ‘‘children’’. Subsec. (a)(36). Pub. L. 115–123, § 50731(b), added par. (36). Subsec. (a)(37). Pub. L. 115–123, § 50741(d)(1), added par. (37). Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–123, § 50711(a)(2), added subsec. (e). Subsec. (e)(10)(A). Pub. L. 115–271, § 8082(b)(1), inserted ‘‘, nor shall the provision of such services or programs be construed to permit the State to reduce medical or other assistance available to a recipient of such serv- ices or programs’’ after ‘‘under this chapter’’. Subsec. (e)(10)(C). Pub. L. 115–271, § 8082(b)(2), added subpar. (C). 2014—Subsec. (a)(9)(C). Pub. L. 113–183, § 101(a), added subpar. (C). Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 113–183, § 111(b), amended par. (10) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (10) read as follows: ‘‘provides for the establishment or designation of a State authority or authorities which shall be re- sponsible for establishing and maintaining standards for foster family homes and child care institutions which are reasonably in accord with recommended standards of national organizations concerned with standards for such institutions or homes, including standards related to admission policies, safety, sanita- tion, and protection of civil rights, provides that the standards so established shall be applied by the State to any foster family home or child care institution re- ceiving funds under this part or part B of this sub- chapter, and provides that a waiver of any such stand- ard may be made only on a case-by-case basis for non- safety standards (as determined by the State) in rel- ative foster family homes for specific children in care;’’. Subsec. (a)(16). Pub. L. 113–183, § 112(b)(2)(A)(ii), in- serted ‘‘and in accordance with the requirements of sec- tion 675a of this title’’ after ‘‘section 675(1) of this title’’ and substituted ‘‘sections 675(5) and 675a of this title’’ for ‘‘section 675(5)(B) of this title’’. Subsec. (a)(24). Pub. L. 113–183, § 111(a)(2), substituted ‘‘includes’’ for ‘‘include’’ and ‘‘that the preparation will’’ for ‘‘and that such preparation will’’ and inserted before semicolon at end ‘‘, and that the preparation shall include knowledge and skills relating to the rea- sonable and prudent parent standard for the participa- tion of the child in age or developmentally-appropriate activities, including knowledge and skills relating to the developmental stages of the cognitive, emotional, physical, and behavioral capacities of a child, and knowledge and skills relating to applying the standard to decisions such as whether to allow the child to en- gage in social, extracurricular, enrichment, cultural, and social activities, including sports, field trips, and overnight activities lasting 1 or more days, and to deci- sions involving the signing of permission slips and ar- ranging of transportation for the child to and from ex- tracurricular, enrichment, and social activities’’. Subsec. (a)(29). Pub. L. 113–183, § 209(a)(1), substituted ‘‘the following relatives: all adult grandparents, all parents of a sibling of the child, where such parent has legal custody of such sibling,’’ for ‘‘all adult grand- parents’’. Subsec. (a)(34). Pub. L. 113–183, § 102(a), added par. (34). Subsec. (a)(35). Pub. L. 113–183, § 104, added par. (35). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–183, § 102(b), added subsec. (d). 2010—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 111–148 inserted ‘‘division A of’’ before ‘‘subchapter XX’’. 2008—Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 110–351, § 104(a), sub- stituted ‘‘civil rights, provides’’ for ‘‘civil rights, and provides’’ and inserted ‘‘, and provides that a waiver of any such standard may be made only on a case-by-case basis for non-safety standards (as determined by the State) in relative foster family homes for specific chil- dren in care’’ before semicolon at end. Subsec. (a)(20)(B). Pub. L. 110–351, § 101(c)(2)(A)(i), which directed insertion of ‘‘and’’ at end of subpar. (C), was executed by making the insertion at end of subpar. (B), to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the redesignation of subpar. (C) as (B) by Pub. L. 109–248, § 152(b)(2). See 2006 Amendment note below. Subsec. (a)(20)(C). Pub. L. 110–351, § 101(c)(2)(B)(i)(II), redesignated subpar. (D) as (C). See Codification note above. Subsec. (a)(20)(D). Pub. L. 110–351, § 101(c)(2)(B)(i)(II), redesignated subpar. (D) as (C). See Codification note above. Pub. L. 110–351, § 101(c)(2)(B)(i)(I), substituted ‘‘sub- paragraph (B)’’ for ‘‘subparagraph (C)’’. See Codifica- tion note above. Pub. L. 110–351, § 101(c)(2)(A)(ii), added subpar. (D). Subsec. (a)(28). Pub. L. 110–351, § 101(a), added par. (28). Subsec. (a)(29). Pub. L. 110–351, § 103, added par. (29). Subsec. (a)(30). Pub. L. 110–351, § 204(b), added par. (30). Subsec. (a)(31). Pub. L. 110–351, § 206, added par. (31). Subsec. (a)(32). Pub. L. 110–351, § 301(c)(1)(A), added par. (32). Subsec. (a)(33). Pub. L. 110–351, § 403, added par. (33). 2006—Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 109–171, § 7401(c)(1), in- serted ‘‘subject to subsection (c),’’ after ‘‘(8)’’. Subsec. (a)(15)(C). Pub. L. 109–239, § 10(a), inserted ‘‘(including, if appropriate, through an interstate placement)’’ after ‘‘accordance with the permanency plan’’. Subsec. (a)(15)(E)(i). Pub. L. 109–239, § 10(b), inserted ‘‘, which considers in-State and out-of-State perma- nent placement options for the child,’’ before ‘‘shall’’. Subsec. (a)(15)(F). Pub. L. 109–239, § 10(c), inserted ‘‘, including identifying appropriate in-State and out- of-State placements’’ before ‘‘may’’. Subsec. (a)(20)(A). Pub. L. 109–248, § 152(b)(1), struck out ‘‘unless an election provided for in subparagraph (B) is made with respect to the State,’’ before ‘‘provides procedures’’ in introductory provisions. Pub. L. 109–248, § 152(a)(1)(A)(i), which directed amend- ment of subpar. (A) by inserting ‘‘, including finger- print-based checks of national crime information data- Page 2371 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 671 bases (as defined in section 534(e)(3)(A) of title 28),’’ after ‘‘criminal records checks’’ and substituting ‘‘re- gardless of whether foster care maintenance payments or adoption assistance payments are to be made on be- half of the child’’ for ‘‘on whose behalf foster care maintenance payments or adoption assistance pay- ments are to be made’’ in the matter preceding ‘‘clause (I)’’, was executed by making the insertion and substi- tution in the introductory provisions preceding cl. (i), to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Subsec. (a)(20)(A)(i), (ii). Pub. L. 109–248, § 152(a)(1)(A)(ii), inserted ‘‘involving a child on whose behalf such payments are to be so made’’ after ‘‘in any case’’. Subsec. (a)(20)(B). Pub. L. 109–248, § 152(b)(2), redesig- nated subpar. (C) as (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: ‘‘subparagraph (A) shall not apply to a State plan if, on or before September 30, 2005, the Governor of the State has notified the Secretary in writing that the State has elected to make subpara- graph (A) inapplicable to the State, or if, on or before such date, the State legislature, by law, has elected to make subparagraph (A) inapplicable to the State;’’. Pub. L. 109–248, § 152(a)(2), inserted ‘‘, on or before September 30, 2005,’’ after ‘‘plan if’’ and ‘‘, on or before such date,’’ after ‘‘or if’’. Subsec. (a)(20)(C). Pub. L. 109–248, § 152(b)(2), redesig- nated subpar. (C) as (B). Pub. L. 109–248, § 152(a)(1)(B), added subpar. (C). Subsec. (a)(25). Pub. L. 109–239, § 3, added par. (25). Subsec. (a)(26). Pub. L. 109–239, § 4(a)(1), added par. (26). Subsec. (a)(27). Pub. L. 109–432 added par. (27). Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–171, § 7401(c)(2), added subsec. (c). 1999—Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 106–169, § 401(o), struck out ‘‘(including activities under part F of this sub- chapter)’’ after ‘‘part A, B, or D of this subchapter’’. Subsec. (a)(24). Pub. L. 106–169, § 112(a), added par. (24). 1998—Subsec. (a)(23). Pub. L. 105–200 added par. (23). 1997—Subsec. (a)(15). Pub. L. 105–89, § 101(a), amended par. (15) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (15) read as follows: ‘‘effective October 1, 1983, provides that, in each case, reasonable efforts will be made (A) prior to the placement of a child in foster care, to prevent or eliminate the need for removal of the child from his home, and (B) to make it possible for the child to re- turn to his home;’’. Subsec. (a)(17). Pub. L. 105–33, § 5591(b)(1), struck out ‘‘and’’ at end. Subsec. (a)(18). Pub. L. 105–33, § 5591(b)(3), redesig- nated par. (18), relating to preference to adult relatives, as (19). Pub. L. 105–33, § 5591(b)(2), substituted ‘‘; and’’ for pe- riod at end of par. (18) relating to denial or delay of adoption or foster care on basis of race, color, or na- tional origin. Subsec. (a)(19). Pub. L. 105–33, § 5591(b)(3), redesig- nated par. (18), relating to preference to adult relatives, as (19). Subsec. (a)(20). Pub. L. 105–89, § 106, added par. (20). Subsec. (a)(21). Pub. L. 105–89, § 306, added par. (21). Subsec. (a)(22). Pub. L. 105–89, § 308, added par. (22). 1996—Subsec. (a)(17). Pub. L. 104–193, § 108(d)(2), sub- stituted ‘‘program funded under part A and plan ap- proved under part D’’ for ‘‘plans approved under parts A and D’’. Subsec. (a)(18). Pub. L. 104–193, § 505(3), added par. (18) relating to preference to adult relatives. Pub. L. 104–188, § 1808(a)(3), added par. (18) relating to denial or delay of adoption or foster care on basis of race, color, or national origin. 1994—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–432 struck out after first sentence ‘‘However, in any case in which the Secretary finds, after reasonable notice and opportunity for a hearing, that a State plan which has been approved by the Secretary no longer complies with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, or that in the administra- tion of the plan there is a substantial failure to comply with the provisions of the plan, the Secretary shall no- tify the State that further payments will not be made to the State under this part, or that such payments will be made to the State but reduced by an amount which the Secretary determines appropriate, until the Secretary is satisfied that there is no longer any such failure to comply, and until he is so satisfied he shall make no further payments to the State, or shall reduce such payments by the amount specified in his notifica- tion to the State.’’ 1993—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 103–66 substituted ‘‘sub- part 1 of part B’’ for ‘‘part B’’. 1990—Subsec. (a)(8)(E). Pub. L. 101–508, § 5054(b)(2), added cl. (E). Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 101–508, § 5054(b)(1), amended par. (9) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (9) read as follows: ‘‘provides that where any agency of the State has reason to believe that the home or institution in which a child resides whose care is being paid for in whole or in part with funds provided under this part or part B of this subchapter is unsuitable for the child be- cause of the neglect, abuse, or exploitation of such child, it shall bring such condition to the attention of the appropriate court or law enforcement agency;’’. 1988—Subsec. (a)(8)(A). Pub. L. 100–485 substituted ‘‘part A, B, or D of this subchapter (including activities under part F of this subchapter)’’ for ‘‘part A, B, C, or D of this subchapter’’. 1986—Subsec. (a)(1), (11). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted ‘‘adoption assistance’’ for ‘‘adoption assistance pay- ments’’. 1984—Subsec. (a)(17). Pub. L. 98–378 added par. (17). 1982—Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 97–248 amended Pub. L. 97–35, § 2353(r), generally. See 1981 Amendment note below. 1981—Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 97–35, § 2353(r), as amend- ed by Pub. L. 97–248, § 160(d), substituted provisions that in order for a State to be eligible for payments under this part a State plan must provide for establishment or designation of a State authority or authorities re- sponsible for standards for foster family homes and child care institutions, such standards to be reasonably in accord with recommended standards of national or- ganizations concerned with standards for such institu- tions or homes, including standards related to admis- sion policies, safety, sanitation, and protection of civil rights, for provisions that such State plan provide for the application of standards referred to in section 1397b(d)(1) of this title. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2023 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 117–348, title I, § 137(b), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6223, provided that: ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 5, 2023]. ‘‘(2) DELAY IF STATE LEGISLATION REQUIRED.—In the case of a State plan under part E of title IV of the So- cial Security Act [42 U.S.C. 670 et seq.] which the Sec- retary of Health and Human Services determines re- quires State legislation (other than legislation appro- priating funds) in order for the plan to meet the addi- tional requirements imposed by the amendment made by subsection (a), the State plan shall not be regarded as failing to comply with the requirements of such part solely on the basis of the failure of the plan to meet such additional requirements before the first day of the first calendar quarter beginning after the close of the first regular session of the State legislature that begins after the date of enactment of this Act. For purposes of the previous sentence, in the case of a State that has a 2-year legislative session, each year of the session shall be deemed to be a separate regular session of the State legislature.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 115–271, title VIII, § 8082(c), Oct. 24, 2018, 132 Stat. 4102, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by Page 2372 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 671 subsection (b) [amending this section] shall take effect as if included in section 50711 of division E of Public Law 115–123.’’ Amendment by Pub. L. 115–165 applicable with re- spect to months beginning on or after 1 year after Apr. 13, 2018, with exception if State legislation required, see section 103(a)(4) of Pub. L. 115–165, set out as a note under section 405 of this title. Amendment by sections 50711(a) and 50722(a) of Pub. L. 115–123 effective Oct. 1, 2018, subject to transition rules for required State legislation or tribal action, see section 50734 of Pub. L. 115–123, set out as a note under section 622 of this title. Amendment by section 50731(b) of Pub. L. 115–123 ef- fective Feb. 9, 2018, subject to transition rules for re- quired State legislation or tribal action, see section 50734 of Pub. L. 115–123, set out as a note under section 622 of this title. Amendment by section 50741(d)(1) of Pub. L. 115–123 effective Oct. 1, 2019, with State option to delay effec- tive date for not more than 2 years and subject to State waiver provisions, see section 50746 of Pub. L. 115–123, set out as a note under section 622 of this title. Amendment by section 50745 of Pub. L. 115–123 effec- tive Oct. 1, 2018, subject to transition rule and State waiver provisions, see section 50746 of Pub. L. 115–123, set out as a note under section 622 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2014 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 113–183, title I, § 111(d), Sept. 29, 2014, 128 Stat. 1925, provided that: ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The amendments made by this sec- tion [amending this section and sections 675 and 677 of this title] shall take effect on the date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 29, 2014]. ‘‘(2) DELAY PERMITTED IF STATE LEGISLATION RE- QUIRED.—If the Secretary of Health and Human Serv- ices determines that State legislation (other than leg- islation appropriating funds) is required in order for a State plan developed pursuant to part E of title IV of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 670 et seq.] to meet the additional requirements imposed by the amend- ments made by this section, the plan shall not be re- garded as failing to meet any of the additional require- ments before the 1st day of the 1st calendar quarter be- ginning after the 1st regular session of the State legis- lature that begins after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 29, 2014]. If the State has a 2-year legis- lative session, each year of the session is deemed to be a separate regular session of the State legislature.’’ Amendment by section 112 of Pub. L. 113–183 effective on the date that is 1 year after Sept. 29, 2014, with delay permitted if State legislation is required, see section 112(c) of Pub. L. 113–183, set out as a note under section 622 of this title. Pub. L. 113–183, title II, § 210, Sept. 29, 2014, 128 Stat. 1941, provided that: ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided in this section, the amendments made by this subtitle [subtitle A (§§ 201–210) of title II of Pub. L. 113–183, amending this section and sections 673, 673b, 675, and 679 of this title] shall take effect as if enacted on Octo- ber 1, 2013. ‘‘(b) RESTRUCTURING AND RENAMING OF PROGRAM.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The amendments made by sec- tions 202 and 203 [amending section 673b of this title] shall take effect on October 1, 2014, subject to para- graph (2). ‘‘(2) TRANSITION RULE.— ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the total amount payable to a State under section 473A of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 673b] for fiscal year 2014 shall be an amount equal to 1⁄2 of the sum of— ‘‘(i) the total amount that would be payable to the State under such section for fiscal year 2014 if the amendments made by section 202 of this Act had not taken effect; and ‘‘(ii) the total amount that would be payable to the State under such section for fiscal year 2014 in the absence of this paragraph. ‘‘(B) PRO RATA ADJUSTMENT IF INSUFFICIENT FUNDS AVAILABLE.—If the total amount otherwise payable under subparagraph (A) for fiscal year 2014 exceeds the amount appropriated pursuant to section 473A(h) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 673b(h)) for that fiscal year, the amount payable to each State under subparagraph (A) for fiscal year 2014 shall be— ‘‘(i) the amount that would otherwise be pay- able to the State under subparagraph (A) for fis- cal year 2014; multiplied by ‘‘(ii) the percentage represented by the amount so appropriated for fiscal year 2014, divided by the total amount otherwise payable under subpara- graph (A) to all States for that fiscal year. ‘‘(c) USE OF INCENTIVE PAYMENTS; ELIGIBILITY FOR KINSHIP GUARDIANSHIP ASSISTANCE PAYMENTS WITH A SUCCESSOR GUARDIAN; DATA COLLECTION.—The amend- ments made by sections 204, 207, and 208 [amending sec- tions 673, 673b, and 679 of this title] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 29, 2014]. ‘‘(d) CALCULATION AND USE OF SAVINGS RESULTING FROM THE PHASE-OUT OF ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR ADOPTION ASSISTANCE.—The amendment made by sec- tion 206 [amending section 673 of this title] shall take effect on October 1, 2014. ‘‘(e) NOTIFICATION OF PARENTS OF SIBLINGS.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The amendments made by section 209 [amending this section and section 675 of this title] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 29, 2014], subject to paragraph (2). ‘‘(2) DELAY PERMITTED IF STATE LEGISLATION RE- QUIRED.—In the case of a State plan approved under part E of title IV of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 670 et seq.] which the Secretary of Health and Human Services determines requires State legislation (other than legislation appropriating funds) in order for the plan to meet the additional requirements imposed by section 209, the State plan shall not be regarded as failing to comply with the requirements of such part solely on the basis of the failure of the plan to meet such additional requirements before the 1st day of the 1st calendar quarter beginning after the close of the 1st regular session of the State legislature that ends after the 1-year period beginning with the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 29, 2014]. For purposes of the preceding sentence, in the case of a State that has a 2-year legislative session, each year of the ses- sion is deemed to be a separate regular session of the State legislature.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2008 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 110–351, title I, § 101(c)(2)(B)(ii), Oct. 7, 2008, 122 Stat. 3952, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by clause (i) [amending this section] shall take effect im- mediately after the amendments made by section 152 of Public Law 109–248 [amending this section] take ef- fect.’’ Pub. L. 110–351, title III, § 301(f), Oct. 7, 2008, 122 Stat. 3971, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by sub- sections (a), (b), and (c) [enacting section 679c of this title and amending this section and sections 672, 674, and 677 of this title] shall take effect on October 1, 2009, without regard to whether the regulations required under subsection (e)(1) [set out as a Regulations note below] have been promulgated by such date.’’ Pub. L. 110–351, title VI, § 601, Oct. 7, 2008, 122 Stat. 3981, provided that: ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided in this Act [see Short Title of 2008 Amendment note set out under section 1305 of this title], each amendment made by this Act to part B or E of title IV of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 620 et seq., 670 et seq.] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 7, 2008], and shall apply to payments under the part amended for quarters beginning on or after the ef- fective date of the amendment. ‘‘(b) DELAY PERMITTED IF STATE LEGISLATION RE- QUIRED.—In the case of a State plan approved under part B or E of title IV of the Social Security Act [42 Page 2373 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 671 U.S.C. 620 et seq., 670 et seq.] which the Secretary of Health and Human Services determines requires State legislation (other than legislation appropriating funds) in order for the plan to meet the additional require- ments imposed by this Act, the State plan shall not be regarded as failing to comply with the requirements of such part solely on the basis of the failure of the plan to meet such additional requirements before the 1st day of the 1st calendar quarter beginning after the close of the 1st regular session of the State legislature that ends after the 1-year period beginning with the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 7, 2008]. For pur- poses of the preceding sentence, in the case of a State that has a 2-year legislative session, each year of the session is deemed to be a separate regular session of the State legislature.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2006 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 109–432, div. B, title IV, § 405(c)(1)(B)(iii), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2999, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this subparagraph [amending this section and section 1320a–2a of this title] shall take effect on the date that is 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2006].’’ Pub. L. 109–248, title I, § 152(c), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 609, provided that: ‘‘(1) GENERAL.—The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 2006, and shall apply with respect to payments under part E of title IV of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 670 et seq.] for calendar quarters beginning on or after such date, without regard to whether regulations to implement the amendments are promulgated by such date. ‘‘(2) ELIMINATION OF OPT-OUT.—The amendments made by subsection (b) [amending this section] shall take ef- fect on October 1, 2008, and shall apply with respect to payments under part E of title IV of the Social Secu- rity Act for calendar quarters beginning on or after such date, without regard to whether regulations to implement the amendments are promulgated by such date. ‘‘(3) DELAY PERMITTED IF STATE LEGISLATION RE- QUIRED.—If the Secretary of Health and Human Serv- ices determines that State legislation (other than leg- islation appropriating funds) is required in order for a State plan under section 471 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 671] to meet the additional requirements im- posed by the amendments made by a subsection of this section, the plan shall not be regarded as failing to meet any of the additional requirements before the first day of the first calendar quarter beginning after the first regular session of the State legislature that begins after the otherwise applicable effective date of the amendments. If the State has a 2-year legislative session, each year of the session is deemed to be a sepa- rate regular session of the State legislature.’’ Amendment by Pub. L. 109–239 effective Oct. 1, 2006, except as otherwise provided, and applicable to pay- ments under this part and part B of this subchapter for calendar quarters beginning on or after Oct. 1, 2006, without regard to whether regulations have been pro- mulgated by Oct. 1, 2006, and with delay permitted if State legislation is required, see section 14 of Pub. L. 109–239, set out as a note under section 622 of this title. Amendment by Pub. L. 109–171 effective as if enacted on Oct. 1, 2005, except as otherwise provided, see section 7701 of Pub. L. 109–171, set out as a note under section 603 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1999 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 106–169, title I, § 112(b), Dec. 14, 1999, 113 Stat. 1829, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by sub- section (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1999.’’ Amendment by section 401(o) of Pub. L. 106–169 effec- tive as if included in the enactment of the Personal Re- sponsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, Pub. L. 104–193, see section 401(q) of Pub. L. 106–169, set out as a note under section 602 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1998 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 105–200, title III, § 301(d), July 16, 1998, 112 Stat. 658, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 674 of this title] shall take effect as if included in the enact- ment of section 202 of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (Public Law 105–89; 111 Stat. 2125) [see Effec- tive Date of 1997 Amendments note below].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1997 AMENDMENTS Amendment by Pub. L. 105–89 effective Nov. 19, 1997, except as otherwise provided, with delay permitted if State legislation is required, see section 501 of Pub. L. 105–89, set out as a note under section 622 of this title. Amendment by Pub. L. 105–33 effective as if included in the enactment of title V of the Personal Responsi- bility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, Pub. L. 104–193, see section 5593 of Pub. L. 105–33, set out as a note under section 622 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Amendment by section 108(d)(2) of Pub. L. 104–193 ef- fective July 1, 1997, with transition rules relating to State options to accelerate such date, rules relating to claims, actions, and proceedings commenced before such date, rules relating to closing out of accounts for terminated or substantially modified programs and continuance in office of Assistant Secretary for Family Support, and provisions relating to termination of enti- tlement under AFDC program, see section 116 of Pub. L. 104–193, as amended, set out as an Effective Date note under section 601 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1994 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 103–432, title II, § 203(c)(2), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4456, provided that: ‘‘The amendment made by subsection (b) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1995.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1993 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 103–66 effective with respect to calendar quarters beginning on or after Oct. 1, 1993, see section 13711(c) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 622 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1990 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 101–508, title V, § 5054(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–229, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 602 of this title] shall apply with respect to benefits for months beginning on or after the first day of the 6th calendar month following the month in which this Act is en- acted [November 1990].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1988 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 100–485, title II, § 204, Oct. 13, 1988, 102 Stat. 2381, provided that: ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection (b), the amendments made by this title [enacting sec- tions 681 to 687 of this title, amending this section, sec- tions 602, 603, 607, 1308, 1396a, and 1396s of this title, and section 51 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, repealing sections 609, 614, 630 to 632, and 633 to 645 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 681 of this title] shall become effective on October 1, 1990. ‘‘(b) SPECIAL RULES.—(1)(A) If any State makes the changes in its State plan approved under section 402 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 602] that are required in order to carry out the amendments made by this title and formally notifies the Secretary of Health and Human Services of its desire to become subject to such amendments as of the first day of any calendar quarter beginning on or after the date on which the proposed regulations of the Secretary of Health and Human Services are published under section 203(a) [42 U.S.C. 671 note] (or, if earlier, the date on which such regula- tions are required to be published under such section) Page 2374 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 671 and before October 1, 1990, such amendments shall be- come effective with respect to that State as of such first day. ‘‘(B) In the case of any State in which the amend- ments made by this title become effective (in accord- ance with subparagraph (A)) with respect to any quar- ter of a fiscal year beginning before October 1, 1990, the limitation applicable to the State for the fiscal year under section 403(k)(2) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 603(k)(2)] (as added by section 201(c)(1) of this Act) shall be an amount that bears the same ratio to such limitation (as otherwise determined with respect to the State for the fiscal year) as the number of quar- ters in the fiscal year throughout which such amend- ments apply to the State bears to 4. ‘‘(2) Section 403(l)(3) of the Social Security Act [sec- tion 603(l)(3) of this title] (as added by section 201(c)(2) of this Act) is repealed effective October 1, 1995 (except that subparagraph (A) of such section 403(l)(3) shall re- main in effect for purposes of applying any reduction in payment rates required by such subparagraph for any of the fiscal years specified therein); and section 403(l)(4) of such Act (as so added) is repealed effective October 1, 1998. ‘‘(3) Subsections (a), (c), and (d) of section 203 of this Act [42 U.S.C. 671 note, 681 notes], and section 486 of the Social Security Act [former 42 U.S.C. 686] (as added by section 201(b) of this Act), shall become effective on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 1988].’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1986 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 applicable only with re- spect to expenditures made after Dec. 31, 1986, see sec- tion 1711(d) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 670 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 98–378 effective Oct. 1, 1984, and applicable to collections made on or after that date, see section 11(e) of Pub. L. 98–378, set out as a note under section 654 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1982 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 97–248 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 160(e) of Pub. L. 97–248, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1981 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, ex- cept as otherwise explicitly provided, see section 2354 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1397 of this title. REGULATIONS Pub. L. 110–351, title III, § 301(e), Oct. 7, 2008, 122 Stat. 3970, provided that: ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section [Oct. 7, 2008], the Secretary of Health and Human Services, in consultation with In- dian tribes, tribal organizations, tribal consortia, and affected States, shall promulgate interim final regula- tions to carry out this section [enacting section 679c of this title and amending this section and sections 672, 674, and 677 of this title] and the amendments made by this section. Such regulations shall include procedures to ensure that a transfer of responsibility for the place- ment and care of a child under a State plan approved under section 471 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 671] to a tribal plan approved under section 471 of such Act in accordance with section 479B of such Act [42 U.S.C. 679c] (as added by subsection (a)(1) of this sec- tion) or to an Indian tribe, a tribal organization, or a tribal consortium that has entered into a cooperative agreement or contract with a State for the administra- tion or payment of funds under part E of title IV of such Act [42 U.S.C. 670 et seq.] does not affect the eligi- bility of, provision of services for, or the making of payments on behalf of, such children under part E of title IV of such Act, or the eligibility of such children for medical assistance under title XIX of such Act [42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.]. ‘‘(2) IN-KIND EXPENDITURES FROM THIRD-PARTY SOURCES FOR PURPOSES OF DETERMINING NON-FEDERAL SHARE OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND TRAINING EXPENDITURES.— ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, not later than September 30, 2011, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, in consulta- tion with Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and trib- al consortia, shall promulgate interim final regula- tions specifying the types of in-kind expenditures, in- cluding plants, equipment, administration, and serv- ices, and the third-party sources for such in-kind ex- penditures which may be claimed by tribes, organiza- tions, and consortia with plans approved under sec- tion 471 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 671] in accordance with section 479B of such Act [42 U.S.C. 679c], up to such percentages as the Secretary, in such consultation shall specify in such regulations, for purposes of determining the non-Federal share of administrative and training expenditures for which the tribes, organizations, and consortia may receive payments for [sic] under any subparagraph of section 474(a)(3) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 674(a)(3)]. ‘‘(B) EFFECTIVE DATE.—In no event shall the regula- tions required to be promulgated under subparagraph (A) take effect prior to October 1, 2011. ‘‘(C) SENSE OF THE CONGRESS.—It is the sense of the Congress that if the Secretary of Health and Human Services fails to publish in the Federal Register the regulations required under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, the Congress should enact legislation specifying the types of in-kind expenditures and the third-party sources for such in-kind expenditures which may be claimed by tribes, organizations, and consortia with plans approved under section 471 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 671] in accordance with section 479B of such Act [42 U.S.C. 679c], up to specific percentages, for purposes of determining the non-Federal share of administrative and training ex- penditures for which the tribes, organizations, and consortia may receive payments for [sic] under any subparagraph of section 474(a)(3) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 674(a)(3)].’’ Pub. L. 100–485, title II, § 203(a), Oct. 13, 1988, 102 Stat. 2378, provided that: ‘‘Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 1988], the Secretary of Health and Human Services (in this sec- tion referred to as the ‘Secretary’) shall issue proposed regulations for the purpose of implementing the amendments made by this title [see Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note above], including regulations es- tablishing uniform data collection requirements. The Secretary shall publish final regulations for such pur- pose not later than one year after the date of the enact- ment of this Act. Regulations issued under this sub- section shall be developed by the Secretary in consulta- tion with the Secretary of Labor and with the respon- sible State agencies described in section 482(a)(2) of the Social Security Act [former 42 U.S.C. 682(a)(2)].’’ CONSTRUCTION OF 2014 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 113–183, title II, § 209(b), Sept. 29, 2014, 128 Stat. 1941, provided that: ‘‘Nothing in this section [amending this section and section 675 of this title] shall be construed as subordinating the rights of foster or adoptive parents of a child to the rights of the par- ents of a sibling of that child.’’ CONSTRUCTION OF 2008 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 110–351, title III, § 301(d), Oct. 7, 2008, 122 Stat. 3970, provided that: ‘‘Nothing in the amendments made by this section [enacting section 679c of this title and amending this section and sections 672, 674, and 677 of this title] shall be construed as— ‘‘(1) authorization to terminate funding on behalf of any Indian child receiving foster care maintenance payments or adoption assistance payments on the Page 2375 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 671 date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 7, 2008] and for which the State receives Federal matching payments under paragraph (1) or (2) of section 474(a) of the So- cial Security Act (42 U.S.C. 674(a)), regardless of whether a cooperative agreement or contract between the State and an Indian tribe, tribal organization, or tribal consortium is in effect on such date or an In- dian tribe, tribal organization, or tribal consortium elects subsequent to such date to operate a program under section 479B of such Act [42 U.S.C. 679c] (as added by subsection (a) of this section); or ‘‘(2) affecting the responsibility of a State— ‘‘(A) as part of the plan approved under section 471 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 671), to pro- vide foster care maintenance payments, adoption assistance payments, and if the State elects, kin- ship guardianship assistance payments, for Indian children who are eligible for such payments and who are not otherwise being served by an Indian tribe, tribal organization, or tribal consortium pur- suant to a program under such section 479B of such Act or a cooperative agreement or contract entered into between an Indian tribe, a tribal organization, or a tribal consortium and a State for the adminis- tration or payment of funds under part E of title IV of such Act [42 U.S.C. 670 et seq.]; or ‘‘(B) as part of the plan approved under section 477 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 677) to administer, super- vise, or oversee programs carried out under that plan on behalf of Indian children who are eligible for such programs if such children are not other- wise being served by an Indian tribe, tribal organi- zation, or tribal consortium pursuant to an ap- proved plan under section 477(j) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 677(j)] or a cooperative agreement or con- tract entered into under section 477(b)(3)(G) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 677(b)(3)(G)].’’ PREVENTING AGING OUT OF FOSTER CARE DURING THE PANDEMIC Pub. L. 116–260, div. X, § 4, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2411, provided that: ‘‘(a) ADDRESSING FOSTER CARE AGE RESTRICTIONS DURING THE PANDEMIC.—A State operating a program under part E of title IV of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 670 et seq.] may not require a child who is in fos- ter care under the responsibility of the State to leave foster care solely by reason of the child’s age. A child may not be found ineligible for foster care maintenance payments under section 472 of such Act [42 U.S.C. 672] solely due to the age of the child or the failure of the child to meet a condition of section 475(8)(B)(iv) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 675(8)(B)(iv)] before October 1, 2021. ‘‘(b) RE-ENTRY TO FOSTER CARE FOR YOUTH WHO AGE OUT DURING THE PANDEMIC.—A State operating a pro- gram under the State plan approved under part E of title IV of the Social Security Act (and without regard to whether the State has exercised the option provided by section 475(8)(B) of such Act to extend assistance under such part to older children) shall— ‘‘(1) permit any youth who left foster care due to age during the COVID–19 public health emergency to voluntarily re-enter foster care; ‘‘(2) provide to each such youth who was formally discharged from foster care during the COVID–19 pub- lic health emergency, a notice designed to make the youth aware of the option to return to foster care; ‘‘(3) facilitate the voluntary return of any such youth to foster care; and ‘‘(4) conduct a public awareness campaign about the option to voluntarily re-enter foster care for youth who have not attained 22 years of age, who aged out of foster care in fiscal year 2020 or fiscal year 2021, and who are otherwise eligible to return to foster care. ‘‘(c) PROTECTIONS FOR YOUTH IN FOSTER CARE.—A State operating a program under the State plan ap- proved under part E of title IV of the Social Security Act shall— ‘‘(1) continue to ensure that the safety, perma- nence, and well-being needs of older foster youth, in- cluding youth who remain in foster care and youth who age out of foster care during that period but who re-enter foster care pursuant to this section, are met; and ‘‘(2) work with any youth who remains in foster care after attaining 18 years of age (or such greater age as the State may have elected under section 475(8)(B)(iii) of such Act) to develop, or review and re- vise, a transition plan consistent with the plan re- ferred to in section 475(5)(H) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 675(5)(H)], and assist the youth with identifying adults who can offer meaningful, permanent connec- tions. ‘‘(d) AUTHORITY TO USE ADDITIONAL FUNDING FOR CER- TAIN COSTS INCURRED TO PREVENT AGING OUT OF, FA- CILITATING RE-ENTRY TO, AND PROTECTING YOUTH IN CARE DURING THE PANDEMIC.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, a State to which additional funds are made available as a result of section 3(a) [section 3(a) of div. X of Pub. L. 116–260, set out in a note under section 677 of this title] may use the funds to meet any costs incurred in complying with subsections (a), (b), and (c) of this section. ‘‘(2) RESTRICTIONS.— ‘‘(A) The costs referred to in paragraph (1) must be incurred after the date of the enactment of this section [Dec. 27, 2020] and before October 1, 2021. ‘‘(B) The costs of complying with subsection (a) or (c) of this section must not be incurred on behalf of children eligible for foster care maintenance pay- ments under section 472 of the Social Security Act, including youth who have attained 18 years of age who are eligible for the payments by reason of the temporary waiver of the age requirement or the conditions of section 475(8)(B)(iv) of such Act. ‘‘(C) A State shall make reasonable efforts to en- sure that eligibility for foster care maintenance payments under section 472 of the Social Security Act is determined when a youth remains in, or re- enters, foster care as a result of the State com- plying with subsections (a) and (c) of this section. ‘‘(D) A child who re-enters care during the COVID–19 public health emergency period may not be found ineligible for foster care maintenance pay- ments under section 472 of the Social Security Act solely due to age or the requirements of section 475(8)(B)(iv) of such Act before October 1, 2021. ‘‘(e) TERMINATION OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS.—The pre- ceding provisions of this section shall have no force or effect after September 30, 2021.’’ [For definitions of ‘‘COVID–19 public health emer- gency’’ and ‘‘COVID–19 public health emergency pe- riod’’ as used in section 4 of div. X of Pub. L. 116–260, set out above, see section 2 of div. X of Pub. L. 116–260, set out as a note under section 629h of this title.] IDENTIFICATION OF REPUTABLE MODEL LICENSING STANDARDS Pub. L. 115–123, div. E, title VII, § 50731(a), Feb. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 251, provided that: ‘‘Not later than October 1, 2018, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall identify reputable model licensing standards with re- spect to the licensing of foster family homes (as defined in section 472(c)(1) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 672(c)(1)]).’’ TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Pub. L. 113–183, title I, § 111(a)(3), Sept. 29, 2014, 128 Stat. 1924, provided that: ‘‘The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall provide assistance to the States on best practices for devising strategies to assist foster parents in applying a reasonable and prudent parent standard in a manner that protects child safety, while also allowing children to experience normal and bene- ficial activities, including methods for appropriately considering the concerns of the biological parents of a child in decisions related to participation of the child in activities (with the understanding that those con- Page 2376 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 672 cerns should not necessarily determine the participa- tion of the child in any activity).’’ NO FEDERAL FUNDING TO UNLAWFULLY PRESENT INDIVIDUALS Pub. L. 110–351, title V, § 503, Oct. 7, 2008, 122 Stat. 3981, provided that: ‘‘Nothing in this Act [see Short Title of 2008 Amendment note set out under section 1305 of this title] shall be construed to alter prohibitions on Federal payments to individuals who are unlawfully present in the United States.’’ PRESERVATION OF REASONABLE PARENTING Pub. L. 105–89, title IV, § 401, Nov. 19, 1997, 111 Stat. 2133, provided that: ‘‘Nothing in this Act [see Short Title of 1997 Amendment note set out under section 1305 of this title] is intended to disrupt the family unneces- sarily or to intrude inappropriately into family life, to prohibit the use of reasonable methods of parental dis- cipline, or to prescribe a particular method of par- enting.’’ REPORTING REQUIREMENTS Pub. L. 105–89, title IV, § 402, Nov. 19, 1997, 111 Stat. 2134, provided that: ‘‘Any information required to be re- ported under this Act [see Short Title of 1997 Amend- ment note set out under section 1305 of this title] shall be supplied to the Secretary of Health and Human Services through data meeting the requirements of the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting Sys- tem established pursuant to section 479 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 679), to the extent such data is available under that system. The Secretary shall make such modifications to regulations issued under section 479 of such Act with respect to the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System as may be nec- essary to allow States to obtain data that meets the re- quirements of such system in order to satisfy the re- porting requirements of this Act.’’ PURCHASE OF AMERICAN-MADE EQUIPMENT AND PRODUCTS Pub. L. 105–89, title IV, § 406, Nov. 19, 1997, 111 Stat. 2135, provided that: ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—It is the sense of the Congress that, to the greatest extent practicable, all equipment and products purchased with funds made available under this Act [see Short Title of 1997 Amendment note set out under section 1305 of this title] should be Amer- ican-made. ‘‘(b) NOTICE REQUIREMENT.—In providing financial as- sistance to, or entering into any contract with, any en- tity using funds made available under this Act, the head of each Federal agency, to the greatest extent practicable, shall provide to such entity a notice de- scribing the statement made in subsection (a) by the Congress.’’ § 672. Foster care maintenance payments pro- gram (a) In general (1) Eligibility Each State with a plan approved under this part shall make foster care maintenance pay- ments on behalf of each child who has been re- moved from the home of a relative specified in section 606(a) of this title (as in effect on July 16, 1996) into foster care if— (A) the removal and foster care placement met, and the placement continues to meet, the requirements of paragraph (2); and (B) the child, while in the home, would have met the AFDC eligibility requirement of paragraph (3). (2) Removal and foster care placement require- ments The removal and foster care placement of a child meet the requirements of this paragraph if— (A) the removal and foster care placement are in accordance with— (i) a voluntary placement agreement en- tered into by a parent or legal guardian of the child who is the relative referred to in paragraph (1); or (ii) a judicial determination to the effect that continuation in the home from which removed would be contrary to the welfare of the child and that reasonable efforts of the type described in section 671(a)(15) of this title for a child have been made; (B) the child’s placement and care are the responsibility of— (i) the State agency administering the State plan approved under section 671 of this title; (ii) any other public agency with which the State agency administering or super- vising the administration of the State plan has made an agreement which is in effect; or (iii) an Indian tribe or a tribal organiza- tion (as defined in section 679c(a) of this title) or a tribal consortium that has a plan approved under section 671 of this title in accordance with section 679c of this title; and (C) the child has been placed in a foster family home, with a parent residing in a li- censed residential family-based treatment facility, but only to the extent permitted under subsection (j), or in a child-care insti- tution, but only to the extent permitted under subsection (k). (3) AFDC eligibility requirement (A) In general A child in the home referred to in para- graph (1) would have met the AFDC eligi- bility requirement of this paragraph if the child— (i) would have received aid under the State plan approved under section 602 of this title (as in effect on July 16, 1996) in the home, in or for the month in which the agreement was entered into or court pro- ceedings leading to the determination re- ferred to in paragraph (2)(A)(ii) of this sub- section were initiated; or (ii)(I) would have received the aid in the home, in or for the month referred to in clause (i), if application had been made therefor; or (II) had been living in the home within 6 months before the month in which the agreement was entered into or the pro- ceedings were initiated, and would have re- ceived the aid in or for such month, if, in such month, the child had been living in the home with the relative referred to in paragraph (1) and application for the aid had been made. (B) Resources determination For purposes of subparagraph (A), in deter- mining whether a child would have received