In this part:
**(a) Total income** The term “total income” means the amount equal to adjusted gross income for the second preceding tax year plus untaxed income and benefits for the second preceding tax year minus excludable income for the second preceding tax year. The factors used to determine total income shall be derived from the Federal income tax return, if available, except for the applicant’s ability to indicate a qualified rollover in the second preceding tax year as outlined in [section 1090 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1090&num=0&edition=prelim) or foreign income described in subsection (b)(5).
**(b) Untaxed income and benefits** The term “untaxed income and benefits” means—
(1) deductions and payments to self-employed SEP, SIMPLE, Keogh, and other qualified individual retirement accounts excluded from income for Federal tax purposes, except such term shall not include payments made to tax-deferred pension and retirement plans, paid directly or withheld from earnings, that are not delineated on the Federal tax return;
(2) tax-exempt interest income;
(3) untaxed portion of individual retirement account distributions;
(4) untaxed portion of pensions; and
(5) foreign income of permanent residents of the United States or United States citizens exempt from Federal taxation, or the foreign income for which such a permanent resident or citizen receives a foreign tax credit.
**(c) Veterans and veterans’ education benefits**
(1) The term “veteran” has the meaning given the term in [section 101(2) of title 38](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title38-section101/2&num=0&edition=prelim) and includes individuals who served in the United States Armed Forces as described in se
File SHA-256: 08069e6ada57a02bc1ffc523dc8960e64c07aee7f69e189523d72b5f6c5abbfc. The original may include catalog metadata, neighboring provisions, or embedded records outside this collection's scope. This page displays the selected federal record. Historical editions and unverified snapshots are not a statement of current law.
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_b8770264bf117ee0b874fa44 Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-20/section-1087vv-definitions--fbc4b62860.md Pages: Not recorded – Not recorded Passage SHA-256: 3d1dd420458c4eae422d329261ceecc7cc52e964321dea9d641fe08e55e6284c Retained source evidence SHA-256: 08069e6ada57a02bc1ffc523dc8960e64c07aee7f69e189523d72b5f6c5abbfc
Source location: Title 20, Chapter 28, § 1087vv; chapter-028-higher-education-resources-and-student-assistance.md
Stored source content
In this part:
**(a) Total income** The term “total income” means the amount equal to adjusted gross income for the second preceding tax year plus untaxed income and benefits for the second preceding tax year minus excludable income for the second preceding tax year. The factors used to determine total income shall be derived from the Federal income tax return, if available, except for the applicant’s ability to indicate a qualified rollover in the second preceding tax year as outlined in [section 1090 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1090&num=0&edition=prelim) or foreign income described in subsection (b)(5).
**(b) Untaxed income and benefits** The term “untaxed income and benefits” means—
(1) deductions and payments to self-employed SEP, SIMPLE, Keogh, and other qualified individual retirement accounts excluded from income for Federal tax purposes, except such term shall not include payments made to tax-deferred pension and retirement plans, paid directly or withheld from earnings, that are not delineated on the Federal tax return;
(2) tax-exempt interest income;
(3) untaxed portion of individual retirement account distributions;
(4) untaxed portion of pensions; and
(5) foreign income of permanent residents of the United States or United States citizens exempt from Federal taxation, or the foreign income for which such a permanent resident or citizen receives a foreign tax credit.
**(c) Veterans and veterans’ education benefits**
(1) The term “veteran” has the meaning given the term in [section 101(2) of title 38](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title38-section101/2&num=0&edition=prelim) and includes individuals who served in the United States Armed Forces as described in sections 101(21), 101(22), and 101(23) of title 38.
(2) The term “veterans’ education benefits” means veterans’ benefits under the following provisions of law:
(A) Chapter 103 of title 10 (Senior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps).
(B) Chapter 106A of title 10 (Educational Assistance for Persons Enlisting for Active Duty).
(C) Chapter 1606 of title 10 (Selected Reserve Educational Assistance Program).
(D) Chapter 1607 of title 10 (Educational Assistance Program for Reserve Component Members Supporting Contingency Operations and Certain Other Operations).
(E) Chapter 30 of title 38 (All-Volunteer Force Educational Assistance Program, also known as the “Montgomery GI Bill—active duty”).
(F) Chapter 31 of title 38 (Training and Rehabilitation for Veterans with Service-Connected Disabilities).
(G) Chapter 32 of title 38 (Post-Vietnam Era Veterans’ Educational Assistance Program).
(H) Chapter 33 of title 38 (Post-9/11 Educational Assistance).
(I) Chapter 35 of title 38 (Survivors’ and Dependents’ Educational Assistance Program).
(J) Section 903 of the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1981 ([10 U.S.C. 2141](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section2141&num=0&edition=prelim) note) (Educational Assistance Pilot Program).
(K) Section 156(b) of the “Joint Resolution making further continuing appropriations and providing for productive employment for the fiscal year 1983, and for other purposes” ([42 U.S.C. 402](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section402&num=0&edition=prelim) note) (Restored Entitlement Program for Survivors, also known as “Quayle benefits”).
(L) The provisions of chapter 3 of title 37, related to subsistence allowances for members of the Reserve Officers Training Corps.
**(d) Independent students and determinations** The term “independent”, when used with respect to a student, means any individual who—
(1) is 24 years of age or older by December 31 of the award year;
(2) is, or was at any time when the individual was 13 years of age or older—
(A) an orphan;
(B) a ward of the court; or
(C) in foster care;
(3) is, or was immediately prior to attaining the age of majority, an emancipated minor or in legal guardianship as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in the individual’s State of legal residence;
(4) is a veteran of the Armed Forces of the United States (as defined in subsection (c)) or is currently serving on active duty in the Armed Forces for other than training purposes;
(5) is a graduate or professional student;
(6) is married and not separated;
(7) has legal dependents other than a spouse;
(8) is an unaccompanied homeless youth or is unaccompanied, at risk of homelessness, and self-supporting, without regard to such individual’s age; and
(9) is a student for whom a financial aid administrator makes a documented determination of independence by reason of other unusual circumstances pursuant to [section 1087tt(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1087tt/c&num=0&edition=prelim) in which the student is unable to contact a parent or where contact with parents poses a risk to such student, which includes circumstances of—
(A) human trafficking, as described in the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 ([22 U.S.C. 7101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section7101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(B) legally granted refugee or asylum status;
(C) parental abandonment or estrangement; or
(D) student or parental incarceration.
**(e) Excludable income** The term “excludable income” means—
(1) an amount equal to the education credits described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of [section 25A(a) of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section25A/a&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) if an applicant elects to report it, college grant and scholarship aid included in gross income on a Federal tax return, including amounts attributable to grant and scholarship portions of fellowships and assistantships and any national service educational award or post-service benefit received by an individual under title I of the National and Community Service Act of 1990 ([42 U.S.C. 12511](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section12511&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), including awards, living allowances, and interest accrual payments; and
(3) income earned from work under part C of this subchapter.
**(f) Assets**
(1) **In general** — The term “assets” means the amount in checking and savings accounts, time deposits, money market funds, investments, trusts, stocks, bonds, derivatives, securities, mutual funds, tax shelters, qualified education benefits (except as provided in paragraph (3)), the annual amount of child support received and the net value of real estate, vacation homes, income producing property, and business and farm assets, determined in accordance with [section 1087rr(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1087rr/c&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Exclusions** — With respect to determinations of need under this subchapter, the term “assets” shall not include the net value of the family’s principal place of residence.
(3) **Consideration of qualified education benefit** — A qualified education benefit shall be considered an asset of—
(A) the student if the student is an independent student; or
(B) the parent if the student is a dependent student and the account is designated for the student, regardless of whether the owner of the account is the student or the parent.
(4) **Definition of qualified education benefit** — In this subsection, the term “qualified education benefit” means—
(A) a qualified tuition program (as defined in [section 529(b)(1)(A) of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section529/b/1/A&num=0&edition=prelim)) or other prepaid tuition plan offered by a State; and
(B) a Coverdell education savings account (as defined in [section 530(b)(1) of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section530/b/1&num=0&edition=prelim)).
**(g) Net value** The term “net value” means the market value at the time of application of the assets (as defined in subsection (f)), minus the outstanding liabilities or indebtedness against the assets.
**(h) Treatment of income taxes paid to other jurisdictions**
(1) The tax on income paid to the Governments of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, or Palau under the laws applicable to those jurisdictions, or the comparable tax paid to the central government of a foreign country, shall be treated as Federal income taxes.
(2) References in this part to title 26, Federal income tax forms, and the Internal Revenue Service shall, for purposes of the tax described in paragraph (1), be treated as references to the corresponding laws, tax forms, and tax collection agencies of those jurisdictions, respectively, subject to such adjustments as the Secretary may provide by regulation.
**(i) Other financial assistance**
(1) For purposes of determining a student’s eligibility for funds under this subchapter, other financial assistance not received under this subchapter shall include all scholarships, grants, loans, or other assistance known to the institution at the time the determination of the student’s need is made, including national service educational awards or post-service benefits under title I of the National and Community Service Act of 1990 ([42 U.S.C. 12511](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section12511&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), but excluding veterans’ education benefits.
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a tax credit taken under [section 25A of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section25A&num=0&edition=prelim), or a distribution that is not includable in gross income under section 529 of such title, under another prepaid tuition plan offered by a State, or under a Coverdell education savings account under section 530 of such title, shall not be treated as other financial assistance for purposes of section 1087kk(a)(3) 11 So in original. Probably should be “section 1087kk(3)”. of this title.
(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (1) and section 1087ll of this title, assistance not received under this subchapter may be excluded from both other financial assistance and cost of attendance, if that assistance is provided by a State and is designated by such State to offset a specific component of the cost of attendance. If that assistance is excluded from either other financial assistance or cost of attendance, it shall be excluded from both.
(4) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), payments made and services provided under part E of title IV of the Social Security Act [[42 U.S.C. 670](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section670&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] to or on behalf of any child or youth over whom the State agency has responsibility for placement, care, or supervision, including the value of vouchers for education and training and amounts expended for room and board for youth who are not in foster care but are receiving services under section 477 of such Act [[42 U.S.C. 677](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section677&num=0&edition=prelim)], shall not be treated as other financial assistance for purposes of section 1087kk(a)(3) 1 of this title.
(5) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), emergency financial assistance provided to the student for unexpected expenses that are a component of the student’s cost of attendance, and not otherwise considered when the determination of the student’s need is made, shall not be treated as other financial assistance for purposes of section 1087kk(a)(3) 1 of this title.
**(j) Dependents**
(1) Except as otherwise provided, the term “dependent of the parent” means the student who is deemed to be a dependent student when applying for aid under this subchapter, and any other person who lives with and receives more than one-half of their support from the parent (or parents) and will continue to receive more than half of their support from the parent (or parents) during the award year.
(2) Except as otherwise provided, the term “dependent of the student” means the student’s dependent children and other persons (except the student’s spouse) who live with and receive more than one-half of their support from the student and will continue to receive more than half of their support from the student during the award year.
**(k) Family size**
(1) **Dependent student** — Except as provided in paragraph (3), in determining family size in the case of a dependent student—
(A) if the parents are not divorced or separated, family members include the student’s parents, and any dependent (within the meaning of [section 152 of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section152&num=0&edition=prelim) or an eligible individual for purposes of the credit under [section 24 of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section24&num=0&edition=prelim)) of the student’s parents for the taxable year used in determining the amount of need of the student for financial assistance under this subchapter;
(B) if the parents are divorced or separated, family members include the parent whose income is included in computing available income and any dependent (within the meaning of [section 152 of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section152&num=0&edition=prelim) or an eligible individual for purposes of the credit under [section 24 of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section24&num=0&edition=prelim)) of that parent for the taxable year used in determining the amount of need of the student for financial assistance under this subchapter;
(C) if the parents are divorced and the parents whose income is so included are remarried, or if the parent was a widow or widower who has remarried, family members also include, in addition to those individuals referred to in subparagraph (B), the new spouse and any dependent (within the meaning of [section 152 of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section152&num=0&edition=prelim) or an eligible individual for purposes of the credit under [section 24 of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section24&num=0&edition=prelim)) of the new spouse for the taxable year used in determining the amount of need of the student for financial assistance under this subchapter, if that spouse’s income is included in determining the parent’s adjusted available income; and
(D) if the student is not considered as a dependent (within the meaning of [section 152 of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section152&num=0&edition=prelim) or an eligible individual for purposes of the credit under [section 24 of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section24&num=0&edition=prelim)) of any parent, the parents’ family size shall include the student and the family members applicable to the parents’ situation under subparagraph (A), (B), or (C).
(2) **Independent student** — Except as provided in paragraph (3), in determining family size in the case of an independent student—
(A) family members include the student, the student’s spouse, and any dependent (within the meaning of [section 152 of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section152&num=0&edition=prelim) or an eligible individual for purposes of the credit under [section 24 of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section24&num=0&edition=prelim)) of that student for the taxable year used in determining the amount of need of the student for financial assistance under this subchapter; and
(B) if the student is divorced or separated, family members do not include the spouse (or ex-spouse), but do include the student and any dependent (within the meaning of [section 152 of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section152&num=0&edition=prelim) or an eligible individual for purposes of the credit under [section 24 of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section24&num=0&edition=prelim)) of that student for the taxable year used in determining the amount of need of the student for financial assistance under this subchapter.
(3) **Procedures and modification** — The Secretary shall provide procedures for determining family size in cases in which information for the taxable year used in determining the amount of need of the student for financial assistance under this subchapter has changed or does not accurately reflect the applicant’s current household size, including when a divorce settlement only allows a parent to file for the Earned Income Tax Credit available under [section 32 of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section32&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(l) Business assets** The term “business assets” means property that is used in the operation of a trade or business, including real estate, inventories, buildings, machinery, and other equipment, patents, franchise rights, and copyrights.
**(m) Homeless youth** The term “homeless youth” has the meaning given the term “homeless children and youths” in [section 11434a of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section11434a&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(n) Unaccompanied** The terms “unaccompanied”, “unaccompanied youth”, or “unaccompanied homeless youth” have the meaning given the term “unaccompanied youth” in [section 11434a of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section11434a&num=0&edition=prelim).
Cross-references
Connections may be documented source relationships, shared citations or nearby passages. Each explains its basis; a connection alone does not establish applicability to your situation.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** To encourage enlistments and reenlistments for service on active duty in the armed forces, the Secretary of each military department may establish a program in accordance with this chapter to provide educational assistance to persons enlisting or reenlisting in an armed force under his jurisdiction. The costs of any such program shall be borne by the Department of Defense, and a person participating in any such program may not be required to make any contribution to the program.
**(b)** The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations for the administration of this chapter. Such regulations shall take account of the differences among the several armed forces.
**(c)** In this chapter, the term “enlistment” means original enlistment or reenlistment.
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 10 U.S.C. § 2141. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 2141. Educational assistance program: estab-
lishment
(a) To encourage enlistments and reenlist-
ments for service on active duty in the armed
forces, the Secretary of each military depart-
ment may establish a program in accordance
with this chapter to provide educational assist-
ance to persons enlisting or reenlisting in an
armed force under his jurisdiction. The costs of
any such program shall be borne by the Depart-
ment of Defense, and a person participating in
any such program may not be required to make
any contribution to the program.
(b) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe
regulations for the administration of this chap-
ter. Such regulations shall take account of the
differences among the several armed forces.
(c) In this chapter, the term ‘‘enlistment’’
means original enlistment or reenlistment.
(Added Pub. L. 96–342, title IX, § 901(a), Sept. 8,
1980, 94 Stat. 1111; amended Pub. L. 100–180, div.
A, title XII, § 1231(18)(A), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat.
1161; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, § 1233(k)(1),
Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2058.)
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
1988—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–456 inserted ‘‘the term’’
after ‘‘In this chapter,’’.
1987—Pub. L. 100–180, which directed that subsec. (c)
be amended by inserting ‘‘the term’’ after ‘‘In this sec-
tion,’’, could not be executed because that phrase did
not appear. See 1988 Amendment note above.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
REPAYMENT OF LOANS FOR SERVICE IN THE ARMED
FORCES; AUTHORIZATION, CRITERIA, ETC.
Pub. L. 96–342, title IX, § 902, Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat.
1115, as amended by Pub. L. 97–86, title IV, § 406, Dec. 1,
1981, 95 Stat. 1106; Pub. L. 98–94, title X, § 1034, Sept. 24,
1983, 97 Stat. 672; Pub. L. 98–525, title VII, § 709, Oct. 19,
1984, 98 St
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 10 U.S.C. § 2141. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 1087vv. Definitions
In this part:
(a) Total income
The term ‘‘total income’’ means the amount
equal to adjusted gross income for the second
preceding tax year plus untaxed income and ben-
efits for the second preceding tax year minus ex-
cludable income for the second preceding tax
year. The factors used to determine total in-
come shall be derived from the Federal income
tax return, if available, except for the appli-
cant’s ability to indicate a qualified rollover in
the second preceding tax year as outlined in sec-
tion 1090 of this title or foreign income described
in subsection (b)(5).
(b) Untaxed income and benefits
The term ‘‘untaxed income and benefits’’
means—
(1) deductions and payments to self-em-
ployed SEP, SIMPLE, Keogh, and other quali-
fied individual retirement accounts excluded
from income for Federal tax purposes, except
such term shall not include payments made to
tax-deferred pension and retirement plans,
paid directly or withheld from earnings, that
are not delineated on the Federal tax return;
(2) tax-exempt interest income;
(3) untaxed portion of individual retirement
account distributions;
(4) untaxed portion of pensions; and
(5) foreign income of permanent residents of
the United States or United States citizens ex-
empt from Federal taxation, or the foreign in-
come for which such a permanent resident or
citizen receives a foreign tax credit.
(c) Veterans and veterans’ education benefits
(1) The term ‘‘veteran’’ has the meaning given
the term in section 101(2) of title 38 and includes
individuals who served in the United States
Armed Forces as described in sections 101(21),
101(22), and 101(23) of title 38.
(2) The term ‘‘veterans’ education benefits’’
means veterans’ benefits under the following
provisions
**(a) Purposes** The purposes of this chapter are to combat trafficking in persons, a contemporary manifestation of slavery whose victims are predominantly women and children, to ensure just and effective punishment of traffickers, and to protect their victims.
**(b) Findings** Congress finds that:
(1) As the 21st century begins, the degrading institution of slavery continues throughout the world. Trafficking in persons is a modern form of slavery, and it is the largest manifestation of slavery today. At least 700,000 persons annually, primarily women and children, are trafficked within or across international borders. Approximately 50,000 women and children are trafficked into the United States each year.
(2) Many of these persons are trafficked into the international sex trade, often by force, fraud, or coercion. The sex industry has rapidly expanded over the past several decades. It involves sexual exploitation of persons, predominantly women and girls, involving activities related to prostitution, pornography, sex tourism, and other commercial sexual services. The low status of women in many parts of the world has contributed to a burgeoning of the trafficking industry.
(3) Trafficking in persons is not limited to the sex industry. This growing transnational crime also includes forced labor and involves significant violations of labor, public health, and human rights standards worldwide.
(4) Traffickers primarily target women and girls, who are disproportionately affected by poverty, the lack of access to education, chronic unemployment, discrimination, and the lack of economic opportunities in countries of origin. Traffickers lure women and girls into their networks through false promises of decent working conditions at relatively good pay as nannies, maids, d
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 7101. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 7101. Purposes and findings
(a) Purposes
The purposes of this chapter are to combat
trafficking in persons, a contemporary mani-
festation of slavery whose victims are predomi-
nantly women and children, to ensure just and
effective punishment of traffickers, and to pro-
tect their victims.
(b) Findings
Congress finds that:
(1) As the 21st century begins, the degrading
institution of slavery continues throughout
the world. Trafficking in persons is a modern
form of slavery, and it is the largest mani-
festation of slavery today. At least 700,000 per-
sons annually, primarily women and children,
are trafficked within or across international
borders. Approximately 50,000 women and chil-
dren are trafficked into the United States
each year.
(2) Many of these persons are trafficked into
the international sex trade, often by force,
fraud, or coercion. The sex industry has rap-
idly expanded over the past several decades. It
involves sexual exploitation of persons, pre-
dominantly women and girls, involving activi-
ties related to prostitution, pornography, sex
tourism, and other commercial sexual serv-
ices. The low status of women in many parts
of the world has contributed to a burgeoning
of the trafficking industry.
(3) Trafficking in persons is not limited to
the sex industry. This growing transnational
crime also includes forced labor and involves
significant violations of labor, public health,
and human rights standards worldwide.
(4) Traffickers primarily target women and
girls, who are disproportionately affected by
poverty, the lack of access to education,
chronic unemployment, discrimination, and
the lack of economic opportunities in coun-
tries of origin. Traffickers lure women and
girls into their networks through false prom-
ises
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 7101. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds the following:
(1) Throughout the United States, there are pressing unmet human, educational, environmental, and public safety needs.
(2) Americans desire to affirm common responsibilities and shared values, and join together in positive experiences, that transcend race, religion, gender, age, disability, region, income, and education.
(3) The rising costs of postsecondary education are putting higher education out of reach for an increasing number of citizens.
(4) Americans of all ages can improve their communities and become better citizens through service to the United States.
(5) Nonprofit organizations, local governments, States, and the Federal Government are already supporting a wide variety of national service programs that deliver needed services in a cost-effective manner.
(6) Residents of low-income communities, especially youth and young adults, can be empowered through their service, and can help provide future community leadership.
**(b) Purpose** It is the purpose of this chapter to—
(1) meet the unmet human, educational, environmental, and public safety needs of the United States, without displacing existing workers;
(2) renew the ethic of civic responsibility and the spirit of community and service throughout the varied and diverse communities of the United States;
(3) expand educational opportunity by rewarding individuals who participate in national service with an increased ability to pursue higher education or job training;
(4) encourage citizens of the United States, regardless of age, income, geographic location, or disability, to engage in full-time or part-time national service;
(5) reinvent government to eliminate duplication, support locally established initiatives, require measurable goals for p
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 42 U.S.C. § 12511. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 12511. Definitions
For purposes of this subchapter:
(1) Adult volunteer
The term ‘‘adult volunteer’’ means an indi-
vidual, such as an older adult, an individual
with a disability, a parent, or an employee of
a business or public or private nonprofit orga-
nization, who—
(A) works without financial remuneration
in an educational institution to assist stu-
dents or out-of-school youth; and
(B) is beyond the age of compulsory school
attendance in the State in which the edu-
cational institution is located.
(2) Alaska Native-serving institution
The term ‘‘Alaska Native-serving institu-
tion’’ has the meaning given the term in sec-
tion 1059d(b) of title 20.
(3) Approved national service position
The term ‘‘approved national service posi-
tion’’ means a national service position for
which the Corporation has approved the provi-
sion of a national service educational award
described in section 12603 of this title as one of
the benefits to be provided for successful serv-
ice in the position.
(4) Approved silver scholar position
The term ‘‘approved silver scholar position’’
means a position, in a program described in
section 12653c(a) of this title, for which the
Corporation has approved the provision of a
silver scholarship educational award as one of
the benefits to be provided for successful serv-
ice in the position.
(5) Approved summer of service position
The term ‘‘approved summer of service posi-
tion’’ means a position, in a program described
in section 12563(c)(8) of this title, for which the
Corporation has approved the provision of a
summer of service educational award as one of
the benefits to be provided for successful serv-
ice in the position.
(6) Asian American and Native American Pa-
cific Islander-serving institution
The term
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 42 U.S.C. § 12511. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Old-age insurance benefits** Every individual who—
(1) is a fully insured individual (as defined in [section 414(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section414/a&num=0&edition=prelim)),
(2) has attained age 62, and
(3) has filed application for old-age insurance benefits or was entitled to disability insurance benefits for the month preceding the month in which he attained retirement age (as defined in section 416(l) of this title),
shall be entitled to an old-age insurance benefit for each month, beginning with—
(A) in the case of an individual who has attained retirement age (as defined in section 416(l) of this title), the first month in which such individual meets the criteria specified in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3), or
(B) in the case of an individual who has attained age 62, but has not attained retirement age (as defined in section 416(l) of this title), the first month throughout which such individual meets the criteria specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) (if in that month he meets the criterion specified in paragraph (3)),
and ending with the month preceding the month in which he dies. Except as provided in subsection (q) and subsection (w), such individual’s old-age insurance benefit for any month shall be equal to his primary insurance amount (as defined in [section 415(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section415/a&num=0&edition=prelim)) for such month.
**(b) Wife’s insurance benefits**
(1) The wife (as defined in [section 416(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section416/b&num=0&edition=prelim)) and every divorced wife (as defined in [section 416(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 42 U.S.C. § 402. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
§ 402. Old-age and survivors insurance benefit
payments
(a) Old-age insurance benefits
Every individual who—
(1) is a fully insured individual (as defined in
section 414(a) of this title),
(2) has attained age 62, and
(3) has filed application for old-age insurance
benefits or was entitled to disability insurance
benefits for the month preceding the month in
which he attained retirement age (as defined
in section 416(l) of this title),
shall be entitled to an old-age insurance benefit
for each month, beginning with—
(A) in the case of an individual who has at-
tained retirement age (as defined in section
416(l) of this title), the first month in which
such individual meets the criteria specified in
paragraphs (1), (2), and (3), or
(B) in the case of an individual who has at-
tained age 62, but has not attained retirement
age (as defined in section 416(l) of this title),
the first month throughout which such indi-
vidual meets the criteria specified in para-
graphs (1) and (2) (if in that month he meets
the criterion specified in paragraph (3)),
and ending with the month preceding the month
in which he dies. Except as provided in sub-
section (q) and subsection (w), such individual’s
old-age insurance benefit for any month shall be
equal to his primary insurance amount (as de-
fined in section 415(a) of this title) for such
month.
(b) Wife’s insurance benefits
(1) The wife (as defined in section 416(b) of this
title) and every divorced wife (as defined in sec-
tion 416(d) of this title) of an individual entitled
to old-age or disability insurance benefits, if
such wife or such divorced wife—
(A) has filed application for wife’s insurance
benefits,
(B)(i) has attained age 62, or
(ii) in the case of a wife, has in her care (in-
dividually or
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 42 U.S.C. § 402. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purpose of enabling each State to provide, in appropriate cases, foster care and transitional independent living programs for children who otherwise would have been eligible for assistance under the State’s plan approved under part A (as such plan was in effect on June 1, 1995), adoption assistance for children with special needs, kinship guardianship assistance, and prevention services or programs specified in [section 671(e)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section671/e/1&num=0&edition=prelim), there are authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal year such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this part. The sums made available under this section shall be used for making payments to States which have submitted, and had approved by the Secretary, State plans under this part.
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 42 U.S.C. § 670. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.